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abstract objects
(Gideon Rosen)
action
(George Wilson)
actualism
(Christopher Menzel)
Aegidius Romanus -- see
Giles of Rome
Aenesidemus -- see
skepticism: ancient
affirmative action
(Robert Fullinwider)
Agrippa -- see
skepticism: ancient
Albert of Saxony
(Joël Biard)
Alyngton, Robert
(Alessandro Conti)
analogy
medieval theories of
(E. Jennifer Ashworth)
Anaxarchus -- see
Pyrrho
animal consciousness -- see
consciousness: animal
Anselm, Saint [Anselm of Bec, Anselm of Canterbury]
(Thomas Williams)
Aquinas, Saint Thomas
(Ralph McInerny)
Aristotle
ethics
(Richard Kraut)
logic
(Robin Smith)
metaphysics
(S. Marc Cohen)
political theory
(Fred Miller)
psychology
(Christopher Shields)
rhetoric
(Christof Rapp)
artifact
(Risto Hilpinen)
attributes -- see
properties
Augustine, Saint
(Michael Mendelson)
Austin, John
(Brian Bix)
automated reasoning -- see
reasoning: automated
autonomy
personal
(Sarah Buss)
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Bain, Alexander -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Bauer, Bruno
(Douglas Moggach)
Beattie, James -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
behaviorism
(George Graham)
being -- see
existence
being and becoming
in modern physics -- see
space and time: being and becoming in modern physics
biology
notion of self
(Alfred Tauber)
teleological notions in -- see
teleology: teleological notions in biology
Blair, Hugh -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Boolean algebra
the mathematics of
(J. Donald Monk)
Bosanquet, Bernard
(William Sweet)
Boyle, Robert
(J. J. MacIntosh)
Bradley, Francis Herbert
(Stewart Candlish)
Brentano, Franz
theory of judgement
(Johannes Brandl)
Brown, Thomas -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Buridan, John [Jean]
(Jack Zupko)
Burnet, James [Lord Monboddo] -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
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Cambridge Platonists
(Sarah Hutton)
Campbell, George -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
category theory
(Jean-Pierre Marquis)
causation
backward
(Jan Faye)
causal processes
(Phil Dowe)
counterfactual theories of
(Peter Menzies)
in the law
(Antony Honoré)
and manipulability
(James Woodward)
medieval theories of
(Graham White)
probabilistic
(Christopher Hitchcock)
childhood, the philosophy of
(Gareth Matthews)
children, philosophy for
(Michael Pritchard)
Christian theology, philosophy and
(Michael Murray)
Church-Turing Thesis
(B. Jack Copeland)
Church's Thesis -- see
Church-Turing Thesis
cognitive science
(Paul Thagard)
color
(Barry Maund)
common knowledge
(Peter Vanderschraaf)
communitarianism
(Daniel Bell)
comparative philosophy
Chinese and Western
(David Wong)
computer ethics
basic concepts and historial overview
(Terrell Bynum)
computing, modern history of
(B. Jack Copeland)
conditionals
(Dorothy Edgington)
Confucius
(Jeffrey Riegel)
connectionism
(James Garson)
conscience
medieval theories of
(Douglas Langston)
consciousness
animal
(Colin Allen)
higher-order theories
(Peter Carruthers)
and intentionality
(Charles Siewert)
representational theories of
(William Lycan)
unity of
(Andrew Brook)
constitutionalism
(Wil Waluchow)
contractarianism
(Ann Cudd)
cosmology
methodological debates in the 1930s and 1940s
(George Gale)
and theology
(John Leslie)
cosmopolitanism
(Pauline Kleingeld and Eric Brown)
Cudworth, Ralph -- see
Cambridge Platonists
Curry's paradox
(JC Beall)
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Dante Alighieri
(Winthrop Wetherbee)
Davidson, Donald
(Jeff Malpas)
death
(Steven Luper)
demonstration
Aristotle's theory of -- see
Aristotle: logic
demonstratives -- see
indexicals
Descartes, René
epistemology
(Lex Newman)
life and works
(Kurt Smith)
modal metaphysics
(David Cunning)
ontological argument
(Lawrence Nolan)
desert
(Owen McLeod)
Desgabets, Robert
(Patricia Easton)
determinates vs. determinables
(David H. Sanford)
diagrams
(Sun-Joo Shin and Oliver Lemon)
dialetheism [dialethism]
(Graham Priest)
disjunction
(Ray Jennings)
distributive justice -- see
justice: distributive
divine command theory -- see
voluntarism, theological
divine illumination
(Robert Pasnau)
doing vs. allowing harm
(Frances Howard-Snyder)
Dunbar, James -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Duns Scotus, John
(Thomas Williams)
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Edwards, Jonathan
(William Wainwright)
egalitarianism
(Richard Arneson)
Einstein, Albert
the hole argument -- see
space and time: the hole argument
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
(Russell Goodman)
epiphenomenalism
(William Robinson)
epistemic closure principle
(Steven Luper)
epistemology
Bayesian
(William Talbott)
evolutionary
(Michael Bradie and William Harms)
feminist -- see
feminism, interventions: feminist epistemology and philosophy of science
naturalized
(Richard Feldman)
social
(Alvin Goldman)
virtue
(John Greco)
epsilon calculus
(Jeremy Avigad and Richard Zach)
equality
(Stefan Gosepath)
equivalence of mass and energy
(Francisco Flores)
ethics
computer -- see
computer ethics: basic concepts and historial overview
environmental
(Andrew Brennan and Yeuk-Sze Lo)
feminist -- see
feminism, interventions: feminist ethics
euthanasia
voluntary
(Robert Young)
events
(Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
evil, problem of
(Michael Tooley)
evolutionary game theory -- see
game theory: evolutionary
existence
(Barry Miller)
experimentation
in physics -- see
physics: experiment in
exploitation
(Alan Wertheimer)
extrinsic -- see
intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties
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fallacies -- see
logic: informal
feminism, interventions
feminist epistemology and philosophy of science
(Elizabeth Anderson)
feminist ethics
(Rosemarie Tong)
feminist history of philosophy
(Charlotte Witt)
feminism, topics
feminist perspectives on the self
(Diana Meyers)
Ferguson, Adam -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Ferrier, James -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Feyerabend, Paul
(John Preston)
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
(Dan Breazeale)
fictionalism
modal
(Daniel Nolan)
folk psychology
as mental simulation
(Robert M. Gordon)
as a theory
(Ian Ravenscroft)
Francis of Marchia
(Christopher Schabel)
free will
(Timothy O'Connor)
Frege, Gottlob
(Edward N. Zalta)
logic, theorem, and foundations for arithmetic
(Edward N. Zalta)
function
in biology -- see
teleology: teleological notions in biology
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game theory
(Don Ross)
evolutionary
(J. McKenzie Alexander)
general relativity
early philosophical interpretations of
(Thomas A. Ryckman)
geometry
finitism in
(Jean-Paul Van Bendegem)
in the 19th century
(Roberto Torretti)
Gerard, Alexander -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
German Philosophy
in the 18th century, prior to Kant
(Brigitte Sassen)
Gersonides
(Tamar Rudavsky)
Giles of Rome
(Roberto Lambertini)
globalization
(William Scheuerman)
Godfrey of Fontaines
(John Wippel)
Godwin, William
(Mark Philp)
Gregory of Rimini
(Christopher Schabel)
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Hamann, Johann Georg
(Gwen Griffith-Dickson)
Hamilton, William -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Hartshorne, Charles
(Dan Dombrowski)
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
(Paul Redding)
Herder, Johann Gottfried von
(Michael Forster)
Hobbes, Thomas
moral and political philosophy
(Sharon A. Lloyd)
Holbach, Paul-Henri Dietrich (Baron) d'
(Michael LeBuffe)
holes
(Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
Holkot [Holcot], Robert
(Hester Gelber)
Home, Henry [Lord Kames] -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
homosexuality
(Brent Pickett)
Hume, David
(William Edward Morris)
Hutcheson, Francis -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Hutton, James -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
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identity
of indiscernibles
(Peter Forrest)
personal -- see
personal identity
relative
(Harry Deutsch)
identity politics
(Cressida Heyes)
identity theory of mind
(J. J. C. Smart)
imagery, mental -- see
mental imagery
immutability
(Brian Leftow)
impartiality
(Troy Jollimore)
incompatibilism
(nondeterministic) theories of free will
(Randolph Clarke)
indexicals
(David Braun)
inequality -- see
equality
inertial systems -- see
space and time: inertial frames
informal logic -- see
logic: informal
insolubles [=
insolubilia
]
(Paul Vincent Spade)
integrity
(Damian Cox, Marguerite La Caze, and Michael Levine)
intentionality
consciousness and -- see
consciousness: and intentionality
intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties
(Brian Weatherson)
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Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich
(George di Giovanni)
James, William
(Russell Goodman)
justice
distributive
(Julian Lamont)
as a virtue
(Michael Slote)
justification, epistemic
foundationalist theories of
(Richard Fumerton)
justification, political
public
(Fred D'Agostino)
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Kierkegaard, Søren
(William McDonald)
killing vs. letting die -- see
doing vs. allowing harm
Kilvington, Richard
(Elzbieta Jung-Palczewska)
knowledge
analysis of
(Matthias Steup)
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language of thought hypothesis
(Murat Aydede)
Laozi
(Alan Chan)
law
and ideology
(Christine Sypnowich)
learning theory, formal
(Oliver Schulte)
legal philosophy
economic analysis of law
(Lewis Kornhauser)
legal punishment -- see
punishment, legal
legal reasoning
interpretation and coherence
(Julie Dickson)
legal rights
(Kenneth Campbell)
Le Grand, Antoine
(Patricia Easton)
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
on the problem of evil
(Michael Murray)
philosophy of mind
(Mark Kulstad and Laurence Carlin)
liberalism
(Gerald Gaus)
libertarianism
(Peter Vallentyne)
Locke, John
(William Uzgalis)
logic
classical
(Stewart Shapiro)
fuzzy
(Petr Hajek)
and games
(Wilfrid Hodges)
infinitary
(John L. Bell)
informal
(Leo Groarke)
intuitionistic
(Joan Moschovakis)
many-valued
(Siegfried Gottwald)
modal
(James Garson)
non-monotonic
(Aldo Antonelli)
paraconsistent
(Graham Priest and Koji Tanaka)
relevance
(Edwin Mares)
substructural
(Greg Restall)
temporal
(Antony Galton)
logical constructions
(Bernard Linsky)
logical form
(Paul Pietroski)
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Maimon, Salomon
(Peter Thielke and Yitzhak Melamed)
Malebranche, Nicolas
(Tad Schmaltz)
Mally, Ernst
deontic logic
(Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
Maritain, Jacques
(William Sweet)
Marsilius of Inghen
(Maarten Hoenen)
mass/energy equivalence -- see
equivalence of mass and energy
mathematics
constructive
(Douglas Bridges)
inconsistent
(Chris Mortensen)
mathematics, philosophy of
indispensability arguments in the
(Mark Colyvan)
measurement
in quantum theory -- see
quantum theory: measurement in
medieval theories
analogy -- see
analogy: medieval theories of
causation -- see
causation: medieval theories of
conscience -- see
conscience: medieval theories of
modality -- see
modality: medieval theories of
practical reason -- see
practical reason: medieval theories of
properties of terms -- see
terms, properties of: medieval theories of
relations -- see
relations: medieval theories of
mental illness
(Christian Perring)
mental imagery
(Nigel Thomas)
mental representation
(David Pitt)
metaethics
moral particularism -- see
moral particularism
moral skepticism -- see
skepticism: moral
Mill, Harriet Taylor
(Dale E. Miller)
Mill, John Stuart
(Fred Wilson)
mind
identity theory of -- see
identity theory of mind
miracles
(Michael Levine)
modality
medieval theories of
(Simo Knuuttila)
modal logic -- see
logic: modal
model theory
(Wilfrid Hodges)
first-order
(Wilfrid Hodges)
moral dilemmas
(Terrance McConnell)
morality, definition of
(Bernard Gert)
moral particularism
(Jonathan Dancy)
moral responsibility
(Andrew Eshleman)
moral skepticism -- see
skepticism: moral
multiple realizability
(John Bickle)
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nationalism
(Nenad Miscevic)
naturalism in legal philosophy
(Brian Leiter)
nature of law
(Andrei Marmor)
neuroscience, philosophy of
(John Bickle and Peter Mandik)
Nicholas of Autrecourt
(Hans Thijssen)
Nietzsche, Friedrich
(Robert Wicks)
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Ockham [Occam], William
(Paul Vincent Spade)
Olivi, Peter John
(Robert Pasnau)
omnipotence
(Joshua Hoffman and Gary Rosenkrantz)
ontological arguments
(Graham Oppy)
original position
(Fred D'Agostino)
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P
panpsychism
(William Seager)
pantheism
(Michael Levine)
paradox
Curry -- see
Curry's paradox
Russell's paradox -- see
Russell's paradox
St. Petersburg paradox
(Robert Martin)
Zeno's paradoxes -- see
Zeno's paradoxes
Pascal's wager
(Alan Hájek)
Paul of Venice
(Alessandro Conti)
Peirce, Benjamin
(Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh)
Peirce, Charles Sanders
(Robert Burch)
logic
(Eric Hammer)
Penbygull, William
(Alessandro Conti)
perception
epistemological problems of
(Laurence BonJour)
personal identity
(Eric T. Olson)
persons -- see
personal identity
Peter of Spain [= Petrus Hispanus]
(Joke Spruyt)
Philip the Chancellor
(Colleen McCluskey)
physicalism
(Daniel Stoljar)
physics
experiment in
(Allan Franklin)
holism and nonseparability
(Richard Healey)
intertheory relations in
(Robert Batterman)
Reichenbach's common cause principle
(Frank Arntzenius)
Popper, Karl
(Stephen Thornton)
practical reason
medieval theories of
(Anthony Celano)
predicate calculus -- see
logic: classical
Principia Mathematica
(A. D. Irvine)
Prior, Arthur
(B. Jack Copeland)
prisoner's dilemma
(Steven Kuhn)
privacy
(Judith DeCew)
private language
(Stewart Candlish)
process philosophy
(Nicholas Rescher)
properties
(Chris Swoyer)
propositional attitude reports
(Thomas McKay)
propositions
singular
(Greg Fitch)
structured
(Jeffrey C. King)
providence, divine
(Hugh J. McCann)
punishment, legal
(Antony Duff)
Pyrrho
(Richard Bett)
Pyrrhonism -- see
skepticism: ancient
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qualia
(Michael Tye)
knowledge argument
(Martine Nida-Rümelin)
quantum mechanics
(Jenann Ismael)
Bohmian mechanics
(Sheldon Goldstein)
collapse theories
(Giancarlo Ghirardi)
Copenhagen interpretation of
(Jan Faye)
Everett's relative-state formulation of
(Jeffrey Barrett)
Kochen-Specker theorem
(Carsten Held)
many-worlds interpretation of
(Lev Vaidman)
relational
(Federico Laudisa and Carlo Rovelli)
quantum theory
identity and individuality in
(Steven French)
measurement in
(Henry Krips)
quantum entanglement and information
(Jeffrey Bub)
quantum logic and probability theory
(Alexander Wilce)
uncertainty principle in -- see
Uncertainty Principle
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Ramsay, Allan -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
rationality
Bayesian -- see
epistemology: Bayesian
historicist theories of
(Carl Matheson)
realism
(Alexander Miller)
scientific -- see
scientific realism
semantic challenges to
(Drew Khlentzos)
reasoning
automated
(Frederic Portoraro)
Reid, Thomas
(Gideon Yaffe)
relations -- see
properties
medieval theories of
(Jeffrey Brower)
religion
epistemology of
(Peter Forrest)
replication
(David Hull)
Richard the Sophister [
Ricardus Sophista, Magister abstractionum
]
(Paul Streveler)
rights
legal -- see
legal rights
Rorty, Richard
(Bjørn Ramberg)
Rosmini, Antonio
(Denis Cleary)
Russell, Bertrand
(A. D. Irvine)
Russell's paradox
(A. D. Irvine)
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S
Santayana, George
(Herman Saatkamp)
scepticism -- see
skepticism
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von
(Andrew Bowie)
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel
(Michael Forster)
scientific knowledge
social dimensions of
(Helen Longino)
scientific realism
(Richard Boyd)
Scottish Philosophy
in the 18th Century
(Alexander Broadie)
in the 19th century
(Gordon Graham)
Scotus, John Duns -- see
Duns Scotus, John
self
feminist perspectives on the -- see
feminism, topics: feminist perspectives on the self
Sellars, Wilfrid
(Jay Rosenberg)
set theory
(Thomas Jech)
Shaftesbury, Lord [Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of]
(Michael Gill)
Sharpe, Johannes
(Alessandro Conti)
skepticism
(Peter Klein)
ancient
(Leo Groarke)
moral
(Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
Smith, Adam -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
social contract -- see
contractarianism
contemporary approaches to
(Fred D'Agostino)
sophismata
[= sophisms]
(Fabienne Pironet)
Sorites paradox
(Dominic Hyde)
space and time
being and becoming in modern physics
(Steven Savitt)
conventionality of simultaneity
(Allen Janis)
the hole argument
(John Norton)
inertial frames
(Robert DiSalle)
supertasks
(Jon Pérez Laraudogoitia)
species
(Marc Ereshefsky)
Spinoza, Baruch [Benedict]
(Steven Nadler)
psychological theory
(Michael LeBuffe)
square of opposition
(Terence Parsons)
statistical physics
philosophy of statistical mechanics
(Lawrence Sklar)
Stewart, Dugald -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Stirner, Max
(David Leopold)
Stoicism
(Dirk Baltzly)
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T
Tarski, Alfred
truth definitions
(Wilfrid Hodges)
teleology
teleological notions in biology
(Colin Allen)
terms, properties of
medieval theories of
(Stephen Read)
Thomas of Erfurt
(Jack Zupko)
thought experiments
(James R. Brown)
time
the experience and perception of
(Robin Le Poidevin)
thermodynamic asymmetry in
(Craig Callender)
time travel
and modern physics
(Frank Arntzenius and Tim Maudlin)
Timon of Phlius
(Richard Bett)
tropes
(John Bacon)
truth
coherence theory of
(James O. Young)
correspondence theory of
(Marian David)
deflationary theory of
(Daniel Stoljar)
identity theory of
(Stewart Candlish)
revision theory of
(Eric Hammer)
truthlikeness
(Graham Oddie)
Turing, Alan
(Andrew Hodges)
Turing machine
(Editors at the SEP)
Turnbull, George -- see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
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U
Uncertainty Principle
(Jan Hilgevoord and Jos Uffink)
universals -- see
properties
the medieval problem of
(Gyula Klima)
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V
vagueness
(Roy Sorensen)
veil of ignorance -- see
original position
verisimilitude -- see
truthlikeness
volition -- see
free will
voluntarism, theological
(Mark Murphy)
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war
(Brian Orend)
well being
(Roger Crisp)
Whewell, William
(Laura J. Snyder)
Whichcote, Benjamin -- see
Cambridge Platonists
Whitehead, Alfred North
(A. D. Irvine)
William of Ockham -- see
Ockham, William
Wyclif, John
(Alessandro Conti)
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Z
Zeno's paradoxes
(Nick Huggett)
Zhuangzi
(Harold Roth)
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Editorial Information
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Copyright © 2002
by
The Metaphysics Research Lab
Stanford University