1. Vita di Giambattista Vico scritta da se medesimo (1725-31), The Autobiography of Giambattista Vico with the Continuation by Villarosa [1818], translated by Max Harold Fisch and Thomas Goddard Bergin. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1944, revised 1963), p.136. Hereafter "Vita."

2. For a concise and informative account of Vico's influence, see the translators' Introduction to The Autobiography of Giambattista Vico, translated by Max Harold Fisch and Thomas Goddard Bergin. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1944, revised 1963), pp.61-107. See also Benedetto Croce, Bibliografia vichiana, revised and enlarged by Fausto Nicolini, 2 volumes (Naples: Ricciardi, 1947-48).

3. Institutiones Oratoriae (1711-1741); The Art of Rhetoric, translated and edited by Giorgio A. Pinton and Arthur W. Shippee (Amsterdam and Atlanta: Editions Rodopi B.V., 1984), pp.5 and 7.

4. De Nostri temporis studiorum ratione (1709); On the Study Methods of our Times, translated by Elio Gianturco, with, as an addendum, The Acadamies and the Relation between Philosophy and Eloquence [1737], translated by Donald Phillip Verene. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990), p.5. Hereafter "DN."

5. Le Orazioni Inaugurali (1699-1707); On Humanstic Education (Six Inaugural Orations, 1699-1707), translated by Giorgio A. Pinton and Arthur Shippee (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993), p.38.

6. De antiquissima Italorum sapientia ex linguae originibus eruenda librir tres (1710); On the Most Ancient Wisdom of the Italians Unearthed from the Origins of the Latin Language, including The Disputation with "The Giornale De" Letterati D'Italia [1711], translated by L.M. Palmer. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988), p.37. Hereafter "DA."

7. All references are to the numbered paragraphs and page numbers of The New Science of Giambattista Vico, revised translation of the third edition by Thomas Goddard Bergin and Max Harold Fisch (Ithaca: Cornell University).