1. Levi ben Gershom, The Wars of the Lord, trans. S. Feldman, vol. 1 (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1984), 136–137. The translation from Ibn Ezra is that of Feldman; see also his notes d and 8.

2. Abraham Maimonides, Milhamot ha-Shem (Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook, 1953), ed. R. Margoliouth, p. 49.

3. J. Klatzkin, Thesaurus Philosophicus Linguae Hebraicae et Veteris et Recenterioris (New York, 1968), part III, p. 187.

4. From Ibn Aqnin's commentary to Pirqei Avot 2.12, cited from a Budapest manuscript by Ignaz Goldziher, ma‘ânî al-nafs, Buch vom Wesen der Seele (Berlin: Weidmann, 1907), 14*.

5. Higgayon ha-Nefesh, ed. E. Freimann, (Leipzig: Vollrath, 1860), p. 1.