A
- abduction (Igor Douven)
- Abelard [Abailard], Peter (Peter King)
- Abhidharma (Noa Ronkin)
- abilities (John Maier)
- Abner of Burgos (Shalom Sadik)
- Abrabanel, Judah (Aaron Hughes)
- abstract objects (Gideon Rosen)
- accidental properties — see essential vs. accidental properties
- action (George Wilson and Samuel Shpall)
- joint — see agency: shared
- logic of — see logic: action
- action-based theories of perception (Robert Briscoe and Rick Grush)
- action at a distance — see quantum mechanics: action at a distance in
- actualism (Christopher Menzel)
- adaptationism (Steven Hecht Orzack and Patrick Forber)
- Addams, Jane (Maurice Hamington)
- Adorno, Theodor W. (Lambert Zuidervaart)
- advance directives (Agnieszka Jaworska)
- Aegidius Romanus — see Giles of Rome
- Aenesidemus — see skepticism: ancient
- aesthetic, concept of the (James Shelley)
- aesthetics
- aesthetic judgment (Nick Zangwill)
- Beardsley — see Beardsley, Monroe C.: aesthetics
- British, in the 18th century (James Shelley)
- Collingwood — see Collingwood, Robin George: aesthetics
- Croce — see Croce, Benedetto: aesthetics
- definition of art — see art, definition of
- Dewey — see Dewey, John: aesthetics
- environmental (Allen Carlson)
- existentialist (Jean-Philippe Deranty)
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): aesthetics
- French, in the 18th century (Jacques Morizot)
- Gadamer — see Gadamer, Hans-Georg: aesthetics
- German, in the 18th century (Paul Guyer)
- Goodman — see Goodman, Nelson: aesthetics
- Hegel — see Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: aesthetics
- Heidegger — see Heidegger, Martin: aesthetics
- Hume — see Hume, David: aesthetics
- Japanese — see Japanese Philosophy: aesthetics
- Plato — see Plato: aesthetics
- Schopenhauer — see Schopenhauer, Arthur: aesthetics
- Wittgenstein — see Wittgenstein, Ludwig: aesthetics
- aesthetics of the everyday (Yuriko Saito)
- affirmative action (Robert Fullinwider)
- Africana Philosophy (Lucius T. Outlaw Jr.)
- African Philosophy
- ethics (Kwame Gyekye)
- sage philosophy (Dismas Masolo)
- afterlife (William Hasker and Charles Taliaferro)
- agency (Markus Schlosser)
- shared (Abraham Sesshu Roth)
- agent-relative vs. agent-neutral reasons — see reasons for action: agent-neutral vs. agent-relative
- agnosticism — see atheism and agnosticism
- Agrippa — see skepticism: ancient
- Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius (Charles Nauert)
- Akan Philosophy
- of the person (Ajume Wingo)
- akrasia — see weakness of will
- al-Baghdadi, ‘Abd al-Latif (Cecilia Martini Bonadeo)
- Al-Ghazali (Frank Griffel)
- Al-Kindi (Peter Adamson)
- Albert of Saxony (Joél Biard)
- Albert the Great [= Albertus magnus] (Markus Führer)
- Albo, Joseph (Dror Ehrlich)
- Alcmaeon (Carl Huffman)
- Alexander, Samuel (Emily A. E. Thomas)
- Alexander of Aphrodisias (Dorothea Frede)
- algebra (Vaughan Pratt)
- algebra of logic tradition (Stanley Burris and Javier Legris)
- Althusser, Louis (William Lewis)
- altruism
- biological (Samir Okasha)
- Alyngton, Robert (Alessandro Conti)
- ambiguity (Adam Sennet)
- Ammonius (David Blank)
- Ammonius Saccas — see Plotinus
- analogy
- medieval theories of (E. Jennifer Ashworth)
- analogy and analogical reasoning (Paul Bartha)
- analysis (Michael Beaney)
- analytic/synthetic distinction (Georges Rey)
- anaphora (Jeffrey C. King)
- Anaxagoras (Patricia Curd)
- Anaxarchus — see Pyrrho
- Anderson, John (Creagh McLean Cole)
- Andronicus of Rhodes — see Aristotle, commentators on
- animal consciousness — see consciousness: animal
- animalism (Stephan Blatti)
- animals, moral status of (Lori Gruen)
- anomalous monism (Steven Yalowitz)
- Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret (Julia Driver)
- Anselm, Saint [Anselm of Bec, Anselm of Canterbury] (Thomas Williams)
- anti-realism, moral — see moral anti-realism
- Antiochus of Ascalon (James Allen)
- a posteriori knowledge — see a priori justification and knowledge
- appearance vs. reality
- epistemological problems of perception — see perception: epistemological problems of
- skepticism — see skepticism
- a priori justification and knowledge (Bruce Russell)
- Aquinas, Saint Thomas (Ralph McInerny and John O'Callaghan)
- moral, political, and legal philosophy (John Finnis)
- Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, disciplines in
- metaphysics (Amos Bertolacci)
- natural philosophy and natural science (Jon McGinnis)
- philosophy of language and logic (Tony Street)
- psychology and philosophy of mind (Alfred Ivry)
- Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, historical and methodological topics in
- Greek sources (Cristina D'Ancona)
- influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on Judaic thought (Mauro Zonta)
- influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on the Latin West (Dag Nikolaus Hasse)
- Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, special topics in
- Ibn Kammuna — see Ibn Kammuna
- Ikhwân al-Safâ’ — see Ikhwân al-Safâ’
- mysticism (Mehdi Aminrazavi)
- Arcesilaus (Charles Brittain)
- architecture, philosophy of (Saul Fisher)
- Archytas (Carl Huffman)
- Arendt, Hannah (Maurizio Passerin d'Entreves)
- arete — see ethics: ancient
- arguments for probabilism
- epistemic utility — see epistemic utility arguments for probabilism
- Aristotelianism
- commentators on Aristotle — see Aristotle, commentators on
- in the Renaissance (Heinrich Kuhn)
- Aristotle (Christopher Shields)
- Aristotle, commentators on (Andrea Falcon)
- Alexander of Aphrosias — see Alexander of Aphrodisias
- Ammonius — see Ammonius
- David — see David
- Elias — see Elias
- Olympiodorus — see Olympiodorus
- Philoponus — see Philoponus
- Aristotle, General Topics
- biology (James Lennox)
- categories (Paul Studtmann)
- ethics (Richard Kraut)
- logic (Robin Smith)
- metaphysics (S. Marc Cohen)
- political theory (Fred Miller)
- psychology (Christopher Shields)
- rhetoric (Christof Rapp)
- Aristotle, Special Topics
- causality (Andrea Falcon)
- mathematics (Henry Mendell)
- natural philosophy (Istvan Bodnar)
- on non-contradiction (Paula Gottlieb)
- Arnauld, Antoine (Elmar Kremer)
- Arouet, François-Marie — see Voltaire
- Arrow's theorem (Michael Morreau)
- art
- erotic (Hans Maes)
- art, conceptual (Elisabeth Schellekens)
- art, definition of (Thomas Adajian)
- artifact (Risto Hilpinen)
- artificial intelligence
- automated reasoning — see reasoning: automated
- belief representation — see belief, formal representations of
- Chinese room argument — see Chinese room argument
- connectionism — see connectionism
- defeasible reasoning — see reasoning: defeasible
- frame problem — see frame problem
- logic and (Richmond Thomason)
- Turing test — see Turing test
- aspect — see tense and aspect
- assertion (Peter Pagin)
- associationist theories of thought (Eric Mandelbaum)
- Astell, Mary (Alice Sowaal)
- atheism and agnosticism (J. J. C. Smart)
- atomism
- 17th to 20th century (Alan Chalmers)
- ancient (Sylvia Berryman)
- attention (Christopher Mole)
- attributes — see properties
- auditory perception — see perception: auditory
- Augustine, Saint (Michael Mendelson)
- Auriol [Aureol, Aureoli], Peter (Russell L. Friedman)
- Austin, John (Brian Bix)
- Austin, John Langshaw (Guy Longworth)
- authenticity (Somogy Varga and Charles Guignon)
- authority (Tom Christiano)
- legal — see legal obligation and authority
- automated reasoning — see reasoning: automated
- autonomy
- and informed consent — see informed consent
- in moral and political philosophy (John Christman)
- personal (Sarah Buss)
- Avicebron — see Ibn Gabirol, Solomon
- Avicenna
- metaphysics — see Ibn Sina: metaphysics
- awareness, bodily — see bodily awareness
- Ayer, Alfred Jules (Graham Macdonald)
B [jump to top]
- Bacon, Francis (Jürgen Klein)
- Bacon, Roger (Jeremiah Hackett)
- Bain, Alexander — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- basing relation, epistemic (Keith Allen Korcz)
- Baudrillard, Jean (Douglas Kellner)
- Bauer, Bruno (Douglas Moggach)
- Bayes' Theorem (James Joyce)
- Bayle, Pierre (Thomas M. Lennon and Michael Hickson)
- Beardsley, Monroe C.
- aesthetics (Michael Wreen)
- Beattie, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- beauty (Crispin Sartwell)
- Beauvoir, Simone de (Debra Bergoffen)
- behaviorism (George Graham)
- being — see existence
- being and becoming — see time
- in modern physics — see space and time: being and becoming in modern physics
- belief (Eric Schwitzgebel)
- belief, ethics of (Andrew Chignell)
- belief, formal representations of (Franz Huber)
- belief merging and judgment aggregation (Gabriella Pigozzi)
- Bell's Theorem (Abner Shimony)
- beneficence, principle of (Tom Beauchamp)
- Benjamin, Walter (Peter Osborne and Matthew Charles)
- Bentham, Jeremy (James E. Crimmins)
- Bergson, Henri (Leonard Lawlor and Valentine Moulard Leonard)
- Berkeley, George (Lisa Downing)
- Berlin, Isaiah (Joshua Cherniss and Henry Hardy)
- bias, implicit (Michael Brownstein)
- binarium famosissimum [= most famous pair] (Paul Vincent Spade)
- biodiversity — see ecology: biodiversity
- biological information — see information: biological
- biology
- conservation — see conservation biology
- developmental — see developmental biology
- experiment in (Marcel Weber)
- molecular — see molecular biology
- notion of individual (Robert A. Wilson and Matthew Barker)
- notion of self — see self: the biological notion of
- philosophy of (Paul Griffiths)
- reduction in — see reduction, scientific: in biology
- teleological notions in — see teleology: teleological notions in biology
- biology, philosophy of
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): philosophy of biology
- Blair, Hugh — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- blame (Neal Tognazzini and D. Justin Coates)
- bodily awareness (Frédérique de Vignemont)
- Bodin, Jean (Mario Turchetti)
- body — see substance
- Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (John Marenbon)
- Bohr, Niels
- correspondence principle (Alisa Bokulich)
- Bolzano, Bernard (Edgar Morscher)
- logic (Jan Sebestik)
- Bonaventure, Saint (Tim Noone and R. E. Houser)
- Boole, George (Stanley Burris)
- Boolean algebra
- the mathematics of (J. Donald Monk)
- Bosanquet, Bernard (William Sweet)
- boundary (Achille Varzi)
- Boyle, Robert (J. J. MacIntosh and Peter Anstey)
- Bradley, Francis Herbert (Stewart Candlish and Pierfrancesco Basile)
- moral and political philosophy (David Crossley)
- brain death — see death: definition of
- brains in a vat — see skepticism: and content externalism
- Brentano, Franz (Wolfgang Huemer)
- theory of judgement (Johannes Brandl)
- Broad, Charlie Dunbar (Kent Gustavsson)
- Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan (Mark van Atten)
- Brown, Thomas — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Buber, Martin (Michael Zank and Zachary Braiterman)
- Buddha (Mark Siderits)
- Buddhism
- ethics in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism — see ethics: in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism
- mind in Indian Buddhist Philosophy — see mind: in Indian Buddhist Philosophy
- Zen — see Japanese Philosophy: Zen Buddhism
- Buddhism: Chan — see Chinese Philosophy: Chan Buddhism
- Buddhism: Tiantai — see Chinese Philosophy: Tiantai Buddhism
- bundle theory — see substance
- Buridan, John [Jean] (Jack Zupko)
- Burke, Edmund (Ian Harris)
- Burley [Burleigh], Walter (Alessandro Conti)
- Burnet, James [Lord Monboddo] — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Butler, Joseph
- moral philosophy (Aaron Garrett)
- Byzantine philosophy (Katerina Ierodiakonou and Börje Bydén)
C [jump to top]
- Caird, Edward — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Callicles — see Plato: Callicles and Thrasymachus
- Cambridge Platonists (Sarah Hutton)
- Campanella, Tommaso (Germana Ernst)
- Campbell, George — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Camus, Albert (Ronald Aronson)
- capability approach (Ingrid Robeyns)
- Cardano, Girolamo [Geronimo] (Guido Giglioni)
- Carmichael, Gershom — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Carneades (James Allen)
- Cassirer, Ernst (Michael Friedman)
- casuistry — see reasoning: moral
- categories (Amie Thomasson)
- medieval theories of (Jorge Gracia and Lloyd Newton)
- category theory (Jean-Pierre Marquis)
- causal determinism — see determinism: causal
- causation
- backward (Jan Faye)
- causal processes (Phil Dowe)
- counterfactual theories of (Peter Menzies)
- in Arabic and Islamic thought (Kara Richardson)
- in the law (Antony Honoré)
- and manipulability (James Woodward)
- medieval theories of (Graham White)
- mental — see mental causation
- the metaphysics of (Jonathan Schaffer)
- probabilistic (Christopher Hitchcock)
- Cavendish, Margaret Lucas (David Cunning)
- cellular automata (Francesco Berto and Jacopo Tagliabue)
- censorship — see pornography: and censorship
- certainty (Baron Reed)
- ceteris paribus laws — see laws of nature: ceteris paribus
- chance
- versus randomness (Antony Eagle)
- change
- and inconsistency (Chris Mortensen)
- chaos (Robert Bishop)
- character, moral (Marcia Homiak)
- Châtelet, Émilie du (Karen Detlefsen)
- Chatton, Walter (Rondo Keele)
- chemistry, philosophy of (Michael Weisberg, Paul Needham, and Robin Hendry)
- childhood, the philosophy of (Gareth Matthews and Amy Mullin)
- children, philosophy for (Michael Pritchard)
- Chile
- philosophy in (Ivan Jaksic)
- chimeras, human/non-human — see ethics, biomedical: chimeras, human/non-human
- Chinese ethics — see ethics: Chinese
- Chinese Philosophy
- Chan Buddhism (Peter Hershock)
- Chinese medicine (Lisa Raphals)
- epistemology (Jana Rošker)
- legalism in (Yuri Pines)
- metaphysics (Franklin Perkins)
- science (Lisa Raphals)
- Tiantai Buddhism (Brook Ziporyn)
- translating and interpreting (Henry Rosemont Jr.)
- Chinese room argument (David Cole)
- Chisholm, Roderick (Richard Feldman and Fred Feldman)
- choice, axiom of (John L. Bell)
- choice, dynamic (Chrisoula Andreou)
- choice, social — see social choice theory
- Christian theology, philosophy and (Michael Murray and Michael Rea)
- Chuang-tzu — see Zhuangzi
- Church-Turing Thesis (B. Jack Copeland)
- Church's Thesis — see Church-Turing Thesis
- citizenship (Dominique Leydet)
- Civic education (Jack Crittenden and Peter Levine)
- civic humanism (Athanasios Moulakis)
- civil disobedience (Kimberley Brownlee)
- civil rights (Andrew Altman)
- Clarke, Samuel (Timothy Yenter and Ezio Vailati)
- Clement of Alexandria — see doxography of ancient philosophy
- clinical research, ethics of — see ethics, biomedical: clinical research
- cloning (Katrien Devolder)
- Cockburn, Catharine Trotter (Patricia Sheridan)
- coercion (Scott Anderson)
- cognition
- embodied (Robert A. Wilson and Lucia Foglia)
- cognition, animal (Kristin Andrews)
- cognitive disability and moral status (David Wasserman, Adrienne Asch, Jeffrey Blustein, and Daniel Putnam)
- cognitive science (Paul Thagard)
- cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism, moral (Mark van Roojen)
- Cohen, Hermann (Scott Edgar)
- Collingwood, Robin George (Giuseppina D'Oro and James Connelly)
- aesthetics (Gary Kemp)
- Collins, Anthony (William Uzgalis)
- colonialism (Margaret Kohn)
- color (Barry Maund)
- common knowledge (Peter Vanderschraaf and Giacomo Sillari)
- communitarianism (Daniel Bell)
- comparative philosophy
- Chinese and Western (David Wong)
- compatibilism (Michael McKenna and D. Justin Coates)
- competence, in biomedical decision-making — see decision-making capacity
- complexity
- computability and — see computability and complexity
- computational — see computational complexity theory
- composition, the vagueness of — see many, problem of
- compositionality (Zoltán Gendler Szabó)
- computability and complexity (Neil Immerman)
- computation
- in physical systems (Gualtiero Piccinini)
- computational complexity theory (Walter Dean)
- computational linguistics — see linguistics: computational
- computational theory of mind — see mind: computational theory of
- computer and information ethics (Terrell Bynum)
- computer science, philosophy of (Raymond Turner)
- computing
- modern history of (B. Jack Copeland)
- and moral responsibility (Merel Noorman)
- Comte, Auguste (Michel Bourdeau)
- concepts (Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence)
- condemnation of 1277 (Hans Thijssen)
- Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de (Lorne Falkenstein)
- conditionals (Dorothy Edgington)
- logic of — see logic: conditionals
- Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de
- in the history of feminism (Joan Landes)
- confirmation (Vincenzo Crupi)
- Confucius (Jeffrey Riegel)
- connectionism (James Garson)
- connectives
- sentence connectives in formal logic (Lloyd Humberstone)
- conscience
- medieval theories of (Douglas Langston)
- consciousness (Robert Van Gulick)
- animal (Colin Allen and Michael Trestman)
- higher-order theories (Peter Carruthers)
- and intentionality (Charles Siewert)
- representational theories of (William Lycan)
- seventeenth-century theories of (Larry M. Jorgensen)
- temporal (Barry Dainton)
- unity of (Andrew Brook and Paul Raymont)
- consent — see political obligation
- consequence, medieval theories of (Catarina Dutilh Novaes)
- consequentialism (Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
- rule (Brad Hooker)
- conservation biology (Sahotra Sarkar and Jay Odenbaugh)
- conservatism (Andy Hamilton)
- constitutionalism (Wil Waluchow)
- constructive empiricism (Bradley Monton and Chad Mohler)
- constructivism
- in metaethics (Carla Bagnoli)
- contextualism, epistemic (Patrick Rysiew)
- Continental Rationalism (Thomas M. Lennon and Shannon Dea)
- continuity and infinitesimals (John L. Bell)
- continuum hypothesis — see set theory: continuum hypothesis
- contractarianism (Ann Cudd)
- contracts, theories of the common law of (Daniel Markovits)
- contractualism (Elizabeth Ashford and Tim Mulgan)
- contradiction (Laurence R. Horn)
- convention (Michael Rescorla)
- Conway, Lady Anne (Sarah Hutton)
- Cooper, Anna Julia (Kathryn T. Gines)
- Copernicus, Nicolaus (Sheila Rabin)
- Cordemoy, Géraud de (Fred Ablondi)
- corruption (Seumas Miller)
- cosmological argument (Bruce Reichenbach)
- cosmology
- methodological debates in the 1930s and 1940s (George Gale)
- and theology (Hans Halvorson and Helge Kragh)
- cosmopolitanism (Pauline Kleingeld and Eric Brown)
- counterpart theory — see possible objects
- Crathorn, William (Aurélien Robert)
- creation and conservation (Jonathan Kvanvig and David Vander Laan)
- creationism (Michael Ruse)
- Crescas, Hasdai (Shalom Sadik)
- criminal law, theories of (Antony Duff)
- critical theory (James Bohman)
- Croce, Benedetto
- aesthetics (Gary Kemp)
- Crummell, Alexander (Stephen Thompson)
- Cudworth, Ralph — see Cambridge Platonists
- cultural evolution — see evolution: cultural
- culture
- and cognitive science (Jesse Prinz)
- Culverwell, Nathaniel — see Cambridge Platonists
- Curry's paradox (Jc Beall)
- Cusanus, Nicolaus [Nicolas of Cusa] (Clyde Lee Miller)
D [jump to top]
- Damian, Peter (Toivo J. Holopainen)
- dance, philosophy of (Aili Bresnahan)
- Dante Alighieri (Winthrop Wetherbee)
- Daoism (Chad Hansen)
- Neo-Daoism — see Neo-Daoism
- Darwinism (James Lennox)
- Dasein — see Heidegger, Martin
- Daud, Abraham Ibn — see Ibn Daud, Abraham
- David (Christian Wildberg)
- Davidson, Donald (Jeff Malpas)
- death (Steven Luper)
- definition of (David DeGrazia)
- de Beauvoir, Simone — see Beauvoir, Simone de
- deception
- definition of — see lying and deception: definition of
- self — see self-deception
- decision-making capacity (Louis C. Charland)
- decision theory (Katie Steele and H. Orri Stefánsson)
- causal (Paul Weirich)
- expected utility theories of rational choice — see rational choice, normative: expected utility
- Dedekind, Richard
- contributions to the foundations of mathematics (Erich Reck)
- defaults in semantics and pragmatics (Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt)
- definitions (Anil Gupta)
- Deleuze, Gilles (Daniel Smith and John Protevi)
- Delmedigo, Elijah (Jacob Ross)
- delusion (Lisa Bortolotti)
- demarcation of science — see science: and pseudo-science
- democracy (Tom Christiano)
- global (Jonathan Kuyper)
- Democritus (Sylvia Berryman)
- demonstration
- Aristotle's theory of — see Aristotle, General Topics: logic
- medieval theories of (John Longeway)
- demonstratives — see indexicals
- denotation — see reference
- deontological ethics — see ethics: deontological
- dependence, ontological (Tuomas E. Tahko and E. Jonathan Lowe)
- Derrida, Jacques (Leonard Lawlor)
- Descartes, René (Gary Hatfield)
- epistemology (Lex Newman)
- ethics (Donald Rutherford)
- life and works (Kurt Smith)
- mathematics (Mary Domski)
- modal metaphysics (David Cunning)
- ontological argument (Lawrence Nolan)
- physics (Edward Slowik)
- and the pineal gland (Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- theory of ideas (Kurt Smith)
- descriptions (Peter Ludlow)
- desert (Fred Feldman and Brad Skow)
- Desgabets, Robert (Patricia Easton)
- design, argument from — see teleology: teleological arguments for God's existence
- desire (Tim Schroeder)
- determinates vs. determinables (David H. Sanford)
- determinism
- causal (Carl Hoefer)
- developmental biology (Alan Love)
- epigenesis and preformationism (Jane Maienschein)
- Dewey, John
- aesthetics (Tom Leddy)
- moral philosophy (Elizabeth Anderson)
- political philosophy (Matthew Festenstein)
- Dharmakīrti (Tom Tillemans)
- diagrams (Sun-Joo Shin, Oliver Lemon, and John Mumma)
- epistemology of — see visual thinking in mathematics: epistemology of
- Dialectical School (Susanne Bobzien)
- dialetheism (Graham Priest and Francesco Berto)
- Dietrich of Freiberg (Markus Führer)
- digital art, philosophy of (Katherine Thomson-Jones)
- Dilthey, Wilhelm (Rudolf Makkreel)
- Diodorus Cronus (David Sedley)
- Diogenes Laertius — see doxography of ancient philosophy
- Dionysius the Areopagite — see Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
- dirty hands, the problem of (C.A.J. Coady)
- disability
- definitions, models, experience (David Wasserman, Adrienne Asch, Jeffrey Blustein, and Daniel Putnam)
- feminist perspectives on — see feminist (topics): perspectives on disability
- and justice (David Wasserman, Adrienne Asch, Jeffrey Blustein, and Daniel Putnam)
- discourse representation theory (Bart Geurts and David I. Beaver)
- discrimination (Andrew Altman)
- disease — see health
- disjunction (Ray Jennings and Andrew Hartline)
- dispositions (Sungho Choi and Michael Fara)
- Dissoi Logoi — see Sophists, The
- distributive justice — see justice: distributive
- and empirical moral psychology (Christian B. Miller)
- international — see justice: international distributive
- diversity
- religious — see religious diversity
- divine
- command theory — see voluntarism, theological
- concepts of the — see God: concepts of
- foreknowledge and free will — see free will: divine foreknowledge and
- freedom — see freedom: divine
- illumination (Robert Pasnau)
- providence — see providence, divine
- simplicity — see simplicity: divine
- doing vs. allowing harm (Frances Howard-Snyder)
- domestic partnership and marriage — see marriage and domestic partnership
- donation of human organs (Martin Wilkinson and Stephen Wilkinson)
- double effect, doctrine of (Alison McIntyre)
- Douglass, Frederick (Ronald Sundstrom)
- doxography of ancient philosophy (Jaap Mansfeld)
- dreams and dreaming (Jennifer M. Windt)
- dualism (Howard Robinson)
- Duhem, Pierre (Roger Ariew)
- Dunbar, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Duns Scotus, John (Thomas Williams)
- Dutch book arguments (Susan Vineberg)
- dynamic semantics — see semantics: dynamic
E [jump to top]
- Early Modern India, analytic philosophy in (Jonardon Ganeri)
- Eckhart, Meister — see Meister Eckhart
- ecology (Sahotra Sarkar)
- biodiversity (Daniel P. Faith)
- conservation biology — see conservation biology
- economics, philosophy of (Daniel M. Hausman)
- economics and economic justice (Marc Fleurbaey)
- education, philosophy of (D.C. Phillips and Harvey Siegel)
- Edwards, Jonathan (William Wainwright)
- egalitarianism (Richard Arneson)
- egoism (Robert Shaver)
- Ehrenfels, Christian von (Robin Rollinger and Carlo Ierna)
- Einstein, Albert
- the hole argument — see space and time: the hole argument
- philosophy of science (Don A. Howard)
- Elias (Christian Wildberg)
- Elisabeth, Princess of Bohemia (Lisa Shapiro)
- emergent properties (Timothy O'Connor and Hong Yu Wong)
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo (Russell Goodman)
- emotion (Ronald de Sousa)
- 17th and 18th century theories of (Amy M. Schmitter)
- in the Christian tradition (Robert Roberts)
- empathy (Karsten Stueber)
- Empedocles (Richard Parry)
- empiricism — see rationalism vs. empiricism
- constructive — see constructive empiricism
- logical (Richard Creath)
- Enlightenment (William Bristow)
- entailment — see logical consequence
- entropy
- and information processing — see information processing: and thermodynamic entropy
- envy (Justin D'Arms)
- Epictetus (Margaret Graver)
- Epicurus (David Konstan)
- epiphenomenalism (William Robinson)
- episteme and techne [= scientific knowledge and expertise] (Richard Parry)
- epistemic basing relation — see basing relation, epistemic
- epistemic closure principle (Steven Luper)
- epistemic paradoxes (Roy Sorensen)
- epistemic utility arguments for probabilism (Richard Pettigrew)
- epistemology (Matthias Steup)
- Bayesian (William Talbott)
- contextualism in — see contextualism, epistemic
- evolutionary (Michael Bradie and William Harms)
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): epistemology and philosophy of science
- in classical Indian philosophy — see Indian Philosophy (Classical): epistemology
- moral — see moral epistemology
- naturalized (Richard Feldman)
- reliabilist — see reliabilist epistemology
- social (Alvin Goldman and Thomas Blanchard)
- social feminist — see feminist (interventions): social epistemology
- virtue (John Greco and John Turri)
- epistemology, formal (Jonathan Weisberg)
- epsilon calculus (Jeremy Avigad and Richard Zach)
- equality (Stefan Gosepath)
- of opportunity (Richard Arneson)
- equivalence of mass and energy (Francisco Fernflores)
- Erasmus, Desiderius (Charles Nauert)
- ergodic hierarchy (Roman Frigg, Joseph Berkovitz, and Fred Kronz)
- Eriugena, John Scottus (Dermot Moran)
- essence, real — see Locke, John: on real essence
- essentialism — see essential vs. accidental properties
- essential vs. accidental properties (Teresa Robertson and Philip Atkins)
- eternity (Paul Helm)
- ethics
- ancient (Richard Parry)
- of belief — see belief, ethics of
- business (Alexei Marcoux)
- Chinese (David Wong)
- computer and information — see computer and information ethics
- deontological (Larry Alexander and Michael Moore)
- environmental (Andrew Brennan and Yeuk-Sze Lo)
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): ethics
- in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism (Charles Goodman)
- internet research (Elizabeth A. Buchanan and Michael Zimmer)
- natural law tradition (Mark Murphy)
- and personal identity — see personal identity: and ethics
- and social networking — see social networking and ethics
- utilitarian — see consequentialism
- virtue (Rosalind Hursthouse)
- ethics, African — see African Philosophy: ethics
- ethics, applied
- phenomenological approaches to ethics and information technology — see information technology: phenomenological approaches to ethics and
- ethics, biomedical
- advance directives and substitute decision-making — see advance directives
- chimeras, human/non-human (Robert Streiffer)
- clinical research (David Wendler)
- cloning — see cloning
- decision-making capacity — see decision-making capacity
- disability — see disability: definitions, models, experience
- disease and health, concepts of — see health
- the donation of human organs — see donation of human organs
- human enhancement — see human enhancement
- informed consent — see informed consent
- justice, inequality, and health (Gopal Sreenivasan)
- justice and access to health care (Norman Daniels)
- pregnancy, birth, and medicine — see pregnancy, birth, and medicine
- privacy and medicine (Anita Allen)
- public health ethics — see public health: ethics
- the sale of human organs — see sale of human organs
- stem cell research (Andrew Siegel)
- theory (John Arras)
- eudaimonia — see ethics: ancient
- eugenics (Sara Goering)
- euthanasia
- voluntary (Robert Young)
- events (Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
- evidence (Thomas Kelly)
- the legal concept of (Hock Lai Ho)
- scientific — see confirmation
- evil
- concept of (Todd Calder)
- problem of (Michael Tooley)
- evolution
- the concept of, to 1872 (Phillip Sloan)
- cultural (Tim Lewens)
- evolutionary ethics — see morality: and evolutionary biology
- evolutionary game theory — see game theory: evolutionary
- evolutionary psychology — see psychology: evolutionary
- existence (Michael Nelson)
- existentialism (Steven Crowell)
- aesthetics — see aesthetics: existentialist
- experimental moral philosophy (Mark Alfano and Don Loeb)
- experimentation
- in biology — see biology: experiment in
- in physics — see physics: experiment in
- explanation
- in mathematics — see mathematics: explanation in
- scientific — see scientific explanation
- exploitation (Alan Wertheimer and Matt Zwolinski)
- externalism
- and self-knowledge (T. Parent)
- extrinsic — see intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties
- Ezra, Abraham Ibn — see Ibn Ezra, Abraham
F [jump to top]
- facts (Kevin Mulligan and Fabrice Correia)
- faith (John Bishop)
- Falaquera, Shem Tov Ibn (Steve Harvey)
- fallacies (Hans Hansen)
- fatalism (Hugh Rice)
- federalism (Andreas Føllesdal)
- Feigl, Herbert (Matthias Neuber)
- Fell, Margaret (Jacqueline Broad)
- feminism, approaches to (Nancy Tuana)
- analytic philosophy (Ann Garry)
- continental philosophy (Jennifer Hansen)
- intersections between analytic and continental philosophy (Georgia Warnke)
- intersections between pragmatist and continental philosophy (Shannon Sullivan)
- pragmatism (Judy Whipps)
- psychoanalytic philosophy (Emily Zakin)
- feminist (interventions)
- aesthetics (Carolyn Korsmeyer)
- bioethics (Anne Donchin and Jackie Scully)
- environmental philosophy (Karen J. Warren)
- epistemology and philosophy of science (Elizabeth Anderson)
- ethics (Rosemarie Tong and Nancy Williams)
- history of philosophy (Charlotte Witt and Lisa Shapiro)
- liberal feminism (Amy R. Baehr)
- metaphysics (Sally Haslanger and Ásta Kristjana Sveinsdóttir)
- moral psychology (Anita Superson)
- philosophy of biology (Carla Fehr)
- philosophy of language (Jennifer Saul)
- philosophy of law (Leslie Francis and Patricia Smith)
- philosophy of religion (Nancy Frankenberry)
- political philosophy (Noëlle McAfee)
- social epistemology (Heidi Grasswick)
- feminist (topics) (Sally Haslanger, Nancy Tuana, and Peg O'Connor)
- perspectives on autonomy (Natalie Stoljar)
- perspectives on class and work (Ann Ferguson and Rosemary Hennessy)
- perspectives on disability (Anita Silvers)
- perspectives on globalization (Serena Parekh and Shelley Wilcox)
- perspectives on objectification (Evangelia (Lina) Papadaki)
- perspectives on power (Amy Allen)
- perspectives on rape (Rebecca Whisnant)
- perspectives on reproduction and the family (Debra Satz)
- perspectives on science (Sharon Crasnow, Alison Wylie, Wenda K. Bauchspies, and Elizabeth Potter)
- perspectives on sex and gender (Mari Mikkola)
- perspectives on sex markets (Laurie Shrage)
- perspectives on the body (Kathleen Lennon)
- perspectives on the self (Cynthia Willett, Ellie Anderson, and Diana Meyers)
- perspectives on trans issues (Talia Bettcher)
- Ferguson, Adam — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Ferrier, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (Todd Gooch)
- Feyerabend, Paul (John Preston)
- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (Dan Breazeale)
- Ficino, Marsilio (Christopher S. Celenza)
- fiction (Fred Kroon and Alberto Voltolini)
- fictionalism (Matti Eklund)
- in the philosophy of mathematics — see mathematics, philosophy of: fictionalism
- modal (Daniel Nolan)
- fideism (Richard Amesbury)
- film, philosophy of (Thomas Wartenberg)
- Fitch's paradox of knowability (Berit Brogaard and Joe Salerno)
- fitness (Alexander Rosenberg and Frederic Bouchard)
- fitting attitude theories of value (Daniel Jacobson)
- FitzRalph, Richard (Michael W. Dunne)
- Fleck, Ludwik (Wojciech Sady)
- folk psychology
- as mental simulation (Robert M. Gordon)
- as a theory (Ian Ravenscroft)
- foreknowledge, divine — see free will: divine foreknowledge and
- forgiveness (Paul M. Hughes)
- formal epistemology — see epistemology, formal
- formalism
- in the philosophy of mathematics — see mathematics, philosophy of: formalism
- formal representations of belief — see belief, formal representations of
- Forms [Platonic] — see Plato: middle period metaphysics and epistemology
- Foucault, Michel (Gary Gutting)
- four dimensionalism — see temporal parts
- frame problem (Murray Shanahan)
- Francis of Marchia (Christopher Schabel)
- freedom
- divine (William Rowe and Frances Howard-Snyder)
- positive and negative — see liberty: positive and negative
- of speech (David van Mill)
- free rider problem (Russell Hardin)
- free will (Timothy O'Connor)
- (nondeterministic) theories of — see incompatibilism: (nondeterministic) theories of free will
- divine foreknowledge and (Linda Zagzebski)
- Frege, Gottlob (Edward N. Zalta)
- controversy with Hilbert (Patricia Blanchette)
- theorem and foundations for arithmetic (Edward N. Zalta)
- friendship (Bennett Helm)
- function
- in biology — see teleology: teleological notions in biology
- recursive (Piergiorgio Odifreddi and S. Barry Cooper)
- functionalism (Janet Levin)
- future contingents (Peter Øhrstrøm and Per Hasle)
- medieval theories of (Simo Knuuttila)
G [jump to top]
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg (Jeff Malpas)
- aesthetics (Nicholas Davey)
- Galileo Galilei (Peter Machamer)
- games
- logic and — see logic: and games
- game theory (Don Ross)
- epistemic foundations of (Eric Pacuit and Olivier Roy)
- and ethics (Bruno Verbeek and Christopher Morris)
- evolutionary (J. McKenzie Alexander)
- Gassendi, Pierre (Saul Fisher)
- Gelukpa [dge lugs pa] (Douglas Duckworth)
- gene (Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Staffan Müller-Wille, and Robert Meunier)
- generalized quantifiers (Dag Westerståhl)
- general relativity
- early philosophical interpretations of (Thomas A. Ryckman)
- genetics
- evolutionary (Michael Wade)
- genotype/phenotype distinction (Richard Lewontin)
- molecular (Ken Waters)
- population (Samir Okasha)
- geometry
- epistemology of (Jeremy Gray)
- finitism in (Jean Paul Van Bendegem)
- in the 19th century (Roberto Torretti)
- Gerard, Alexander — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- German Philosophy
- in the 18th century, prior to Kant (Brigitte Sassen)
- Gersonides (Tamar Rudavsky)
- Giles of Rome (Roberto Lambertini)
- given, the — see justification, epistemic: foundationalist theories of
- global democracy — see democracy: global
- globalization (William Scheuerman)
- global justice — see justice: global
- God
- concepts of (William Wainwright)
- and other necessary beings (Matthew Davidson)
- God, arguments for belief in
- pragmatic — see pragmatic arguments and belief in God
- God, arguments for the existence of
- cosmological — see cosmological argument
- Descartes' ontological — see Descartes, René: ontological argument
- moral arguments (C. Stephen Evans)
- ontological — see ontological arguments
- teleological — see teleology: teleological arguments for God's existence
- Godfrey of Fontaines (John Wippel)
- Godwin, William (Mark Philp)
- Gödel, Kurt (Juliette Kennedy)
- incompleteness theorems (Panu Raatikainen)
- Goodman, Nelson (Daniel Cohnitz and Marcus Rossberg)
- aesthetics (Alessandro Giovannelli)
- goodness, perfect (Mark Murphy)
- Gorampa [go rams pa] (Constance Kassor)
- grammar
- categorial — see grammar: typelogical
- typelogical (Michael Moortgat)
- gratitude (Tony Manela)
- Green, Thomas Hill (Colin Tyler)
- Gregory of Rimini (Christopher Schabel)
- Grice, Paul (Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner)
- Grosseteste, Robert (Neil Lewis)
- Grotius, Hugo (Jon Miller)
- grounding, metaphysical (Ricki Bliss and Kelly Trogdon)
- group rights — see rights: group
H [jump to top]
- Habermas, Jürgen (James Bohman and William Rehg)
- haecceitism (Sam Cowling)
- haecceity — see substance
- medieval theories of (Richard Cross)
- Halevi, Judah (Barry Kogan)
- Hamann, Johann Georg (Gwen Griffith-Dickson)
- Hamilton, William — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- happiness (Dan Haybron)
- Hare, Richard Mervyn (Anthony Price)
- Hartley, David (Richard Allen)
- Hartmann, Nicolai (Roberto Poli)
- Hartshorne, Charles (Dan Dombrowski)
- Hayek, Friedrich (David Schmidtz)
- health (Dominic Murphy)
- heaven and hell in Christian thought (Thomas Talbott)
- hedonism (Andrew Moore)
- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (Paul Redding)
- aesthetics (Stephen Houlgate)
- Heidegger, Martin (Michael Wheeler)
- aesthetics (Iain Thomson)
- hell and heaven in Christian thought — see heaven and hell in Christian thought
- Helmholtz, Hermann von (Lydia Patton)
- Hempel, Carl (James Fetzer)
- Henry of Ghent (Pasquale Porro)
- Heraclitus (Daniel W. Graham)
- Herbart, Johann Friedrich (Alan Kim)
- Herder, Johann Gottfried von (Michael Forster)
- heritability (Stephen M. Downes)
- inheritance systems — see inheritance systems
- hermeneutics (Bjørn Ramberg and Kristin Gjesdal)
- Heytesbury, William (John Longeway)
- Hilbert, David
- controversy with Frege — see Frege, Gottlob: controversy with Hilbert
- program in the foundations of mathematics (Richard Zach)
- Hippias — see Sophists, The
- history, philosophy of (Daniel Little)
- Hobbes, Thomas (Stewart Duncan)
- moral and political philosophy (Sharon A. Lloyd and Susanne Sreedhar)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry (Baron) d' (Michael LeBuffe)
- holes (Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
- Holkot [Holcot], Robert (Hester Gelber)
- Home, Henry [Lord Kames] — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- homosexuality (Brent Pickett)
- Hook, Sidney (David Sidorsky)
- Horkheimer, Max (J.C. Berendzen)
- human enhancement (Eric Juengst and Daniel Moseley)
- human genome project (Lisa Gannett)
- humanism
- civic — see civic humanism
- human rights — see rights: human
- human test subjects — see ethics, biomedical: clinical research
- Humboldt, Wilhelm von (Kurt Mueller-Vollmer)
- Hume, David (William Edward Morris and Charlotte R. Brown)
- aesthetics (Ted Gracyk)
- and Kant on causality — see Kant, Immanuel: and Hume on causality
- and Kant on morality — see Kant, Immanuel: and Hume on morality
- moral philosophy (Rachel Cohon)
- Newtonianism and Anti-Newtonianism (Eric Schliesser)
- on free will (Paul Russell)
- on religion (Paul Russell)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- humor, philosophy of (John Morreall)
- Husserl, Edmund (Christian Beyer)
- Hutcheson, Francis — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- Hutton, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- hybrid logic — see logic: hybrid
I [jump to top]
- Ibn Arabi (William Chittick)
- Ibn Bâjja (Josép Puig Montada)
- Ibn Daud, Abraham (Resianne Fontaine)
- Ibn Ezra, Abraham (Tzvi Langermann)
- Ibn Falaquera, Shem Tov — see Falaquera, Shem Tov Ibn
- Ibn Gabirol, Solomon [Avicebron] (Sarah Pessin)
- Ibn Kammuna (Tzvi Langermann)
- Ibn Sina [Avicenna]
- metaphysics (Olga Lizzini)
- Ibn Tibbon, Samuel — see Tibbon, Samuel Ibn
- idealism (Paul Guyer and Rolf-Peter Horstmann)
- identity (Harold Noonan and Ben Curtis)
- of indiscernibles (Peter Forrest)
- over time (Andre Gallois)
- personal — see personal identity
- relative (Harry Deutsch)
- transworld (Penelope Mackie and Mark Jago)
- identity politics (Cressida Heyes)
- identity theory of mind — see mind/brain identity theory
- ideology, law and — see law: and ideology
- idiolects (Alex Barber)
- Ikhwân al-Safâ’ (Carmela Baffioni)
- imagery, mental — see mental imagery
- imagination (Tamar Gendler)
- imitation game — see Turing test
- immigration (Christopher Heath Wellman)
- immortality — see afterlife
- immunology, philosophy of — see self: the biological notion of
- immutability (Brian Leftow)
- impartiality (Troy Jollimore)
- implicature (Wayne Davis)
- optimality theoretic and game theoretic approaches (Robert van Rooij and Michael Franke)
- implicit bias — see bias, implicit
- impossible worlds (Francesco Berto)
- incommensurability
- of scientific theories (Eric Oberheim and Paul Hoyningen-Huene)
- of values — see value: incommensurable
- incomparable values — see value: incommensurable
- incompatibilism
- (nondeterministic) theories of free will (Randolph Clarke and Justin Capes)
- arguments for (Kadri Vihvelin)
- indexicals (David Braun)
- Indian Philosophy (Classical)
- concept of emotion (Joerg Tuske)
- epistemology (Stephen Phillips)
- language and testimony (Madhav Deshpande)
- logic (Brendan Gillon)
- naturalism (Amita Chatterjee)
- perceptual experience and concepts (Monima Chadha)
- individual, biological notion of — see biology: notion of individual
- individualism, methodological (Joseph Heath)
- induction
- problem of (John Vickers)
- inductive logic — see logic: inductive
- inequality — see equality
- inertial systems — see space and time: inertial frames
- inference to the best explanation — see abduction
- infinitesimals — see continuity and infinitesimals
- informal logic — see logic: informal
- information (Pieter Adriaans)
- biological (Peter Godfrey-Smith and Kim Sterelny)
- and logic — see logic: and information
- quantum entanglement and — see quantum theory: quantum entanglement and information
- semantic conceptions of (Luciano Floridi)
- information processing
- and thermodynamic entropy (Owen Maroney)
- information technology
- and moral values (John Sullins)
- phenomenological approaches to ethics and (Lucas Introna)
- and privacy (Jeroen van den Hoven, Martijn Blaauw, Wolter Pieters, and Martijn Warnier)
- informed consent (Nir Eyal)
- Ingarden, Roman (Amie Thomasson)
- inherence — see substance
- inheritance systems (Ehud Lamm)
- innate/acquired distinction (Paul Griffiths)
- innateness
- and contemporary theories of cognition (Jerry Samet and Deborah Zaitchik)
- historical controversies (Jerry Samet)
- and language (Fiona Cowie)
- insolubles [= insolubilia] (Paul Vincent Spade and Stephen Read)
- instrumental rationality — see rationality: instrumental
- integrity (Damian Cox, Marguerite La Caze, and Michael Levine)
- intelligent design, theory of — see creationism
- intensional transitive verbs (Graeme Forbes)
- intention (Kieran Setiya)
- intentionality (Pierre Jacob)
- collective (David P. Schweikard and Hans Bernhard Schmid)
- consciousness and — see consciousness: and intentionality
- in ancient philosophy (Victor Caston)
- internal vs. external reasons for action — see reasons for action: internal vs. external
- internet research ethics — see ethics: internet research
- intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties (Brian Weatherson and Dan Marshall)
- introspection (Eric Schwitzgebel)
- intuition (Joel Pust)
- intuitionism
- ethics — see moral intuitionism
- in the philosophy of mathematics — see mathematics, philosophy of: intuitionism
- intuitionistic logic — see logic: intuitionistic
- development of — see logic, history of: intuitionistic logic
- inverted qualia — see qualia: inverted
- Israeli, Isaac (Leonard Levin and R. David Walker)
J [jump to top]
- Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (George di Giovanni)
- James, William (Russell Goodman)
- James of Viterbo (Antoine Côté)
- Japanese Philosophy
- aesthetics (Graham Parkes)
- Confucian (John Tucker)
- Kokugaku School [Native Studies School] (Susan Burns)
- Kûkai (John Krummel)
- Kyoto School (Bret W. Davis)
- Nishida Kitarō — see Nishida Kitarō
- Pure Land (Dennis Hirota)
- Watsuji Tetsurô — see Watsuji Tetsurô
- Zen Buddhism (Shigenori Nagatomo)
- Jaspers, Karl (Chris Thornhill)
- Jayarāśi (Piotr Balcerowicz)
- Jefferson, Thomas (M. Andrew Holowchak)
- Jevons, William Stanley (Bert Mosselmans)
- John of Salisbury (Kevin Guilfoy)
- Jones, Emily Elizabeth Constance (Gary Ostertag)
- Judah Halevi — see Halevi, Judah
- judgment
- aesthetic — see aesthetics: aesthetic judgment
- judgment aggregation and belief merging — see belief merging and judgment aggregation
- justice
- and access to health care — see ethics, biomedical: justice and access to health care
- and bad luck — see luck: justice and bad luck
- and disability — see disability: and justice
- distributive (Julian Lamont and Christi Favor)
- economic — see economics and economic justice
- global (Gillian Brock)
- inequality and health — see ethics, biomedical: justice, inequality, and health
- intergenerational (Lukas Meyer)
- international distributive (Michael Blake and Patrick Taylor Smith)
- retributive (Alec Walen)
- transitional (Nir Eisikovits)
- as a virtue (Michael Slote)
- justification, epistemic
- a priori — see a priori justification and knowledge
- coherentist theories of (Erik Olsson)
- foundationalist theories of (Richard Fumerton)
- internalist vs. externalist conceptions of (George Pappas)
- reliabilism — see reliabilist epistemology
- transmission of — see transmission of justification and warrant
- justification, political
- public (Kevin Vallier and Fred D'Agostino)
K [jump to top]
- Kant, Immanuel (Michael Rohlf)
- account of reason (Garrath Williams)
- aesthetics and teleology (Hannah Ginsborg)
- critique of metaphysics (Michelle Grier)
- and Hume on causality (Graciela De Pierris and Michael Friedman)
- and Hume on morality (Lara Denis)
- and Leibniz (Catherine Wilson)
- moral philosophy (Robert Johnson)
- philosophical development (Martin Schönfeld and Michael Thompson)
- philosophy of mathematics (Lisa Shabel)
- philosophy of religion (Lawrence Pasternack and Philip Rossi)
- philosophy of science (Eric Watkins and Marius Stan)
- social and political philosophy (Frederick Rauscher)
- theory of judgment (Robert Hanna)
- transcendental arguments (Derk Pereboom)
- view of mind and consciousness of self (Andrew Brook)
- views on space and time (Andrew Janiak)
- Kaspi, Joseph (Hannah Kasher)
- Kepler, Johannes (Daniel A. Di Liscia)
- Kierkegaard, Søren (William McDonald)
- killing vs. letting die — see doing vs. allowing harm
- Kilvington, Richard (Elzbieta Jung)
- Kilwardby, Robert (José Filipe Silva)
- knowledge
- analysis of (Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa and Matthias Steup)
- a priori — see a priori justification and knowledge
- by acquaintance vs. description (Ali Hasan and Richard Fumerton)
- self- — see self-knowledge
- knowledge, value of (Duncan Pritchard and John Turri)
- knowledge how (Jeremy Fantl)
- Kochen-Specker theorem — see quantum mechanics: Kochen-Specker theorem
- Kuhn, Thomas (Alexander Bird)
- Kûkai — see Japanese Philosophy: Kûkai
- Kumārila (Daniel Arnold)
L [jump to top]
- Lacan, Jacques (Adrian Johnston)
- La Forge, Louis de (Desmond Clarke)
- lambda calculus, the (Jesse Alama)
- Lange, Friedrich Albert (Nadeem J. Z. Hussain and Lydia Patton)
- language of thought hypothesis (Murat Aydede)
- Laozi (Alan Chan)
- large cardinals and determinacy — see set theory: large cardinals and determinacy
- Latin American philosophy (Jorge Gracia and Manuel Vargas)
- metaphilosophical foundations (Susana Nuccetelli)
- philosophy of science — see philosophy of science: in Latin America
- law
- and ideology (Christine Sypnowich)
- and language (Timothy Endicott)
- limits of — see limits of law
- nature of — see nature of law: natural law theories
- laws of nature (John W. Carroll)
- ceteris paribus (Alexander Reutlinger, Gerhard Schurz, and Andreas Hüttemann)
- learning theory, formal (Oliver Schulte)
- Lefèvre d'Étaples, Jacques (Richard J. Oosterhoff)
- legal obligation and authority (Leslie Green)
- legal philosophy
- economic analysis of law (Lewis Kornhauser)
- legal positivism — see nature of law: legal positivism
- legal punishment — see punishment, legal
- legal reasoning
- interpretation and coherence in (Julie Dickson)
- precedent and analogy in (Grant Lamond)
- legal rights (Kenneth Campbell)
- legitimacy, political (Fabienne Peter)
- Le Grand, Antoine (Patricia Easton)
- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (Brandon C. Look)
- ethics (Andrew Youpa)
- Exoteric Philosophy (John Whipple)
- influence on 19th century logic (Volker Peckhaus)
- modal metaphysics (Brandon C. Look)
- on causation (Marc Bobro)
- on the problem of evil (Michael Murray and Sean Greenberg)
- philosophy of mind (Mark Kulstad and Laurence Carlin)
- philosophy of physics (Jeffrey K. McDonough)
- Leibowitz, Yeshayahu (Daniel Rynhold)
- Leone Ebreo — see Abrabanel, Judah
- Leśniewski, Stanisław (Peter Simons)
- Leucippus (Sylvia Berryman)
- Levinas, Emmanuel (Bettina Bergo)
- Lewis, Clarence Irving (Bruce Hunter)
- Lewis, David (Brian Weatherson)
- metaphysics (Ned Hall)
- liar paradox (Jc Beall and Michael Glanzberg)
- liberal feminism — see feminist (interventions): liberal feminism
- liberalism (Gerald Gaus, Shane D. Courtland, and David Schmidtz)
- libertarianism (Peter Vallentyne and Bas van der Vossen)
- liberty
- positive and negative (Ian Carter)
- life (Bruce Weber)
- meaning of (Thaddeus Metz)
- lifeworld — see Husserl, Edmund
- limits of law (John Stanton-Ife)
- linear logic — see logic: linear
- linguistics
- computational (Lenhart Schubert)
- philosophy of (Barbara C. Scholz, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, and Geoffrey K. Pullum)
- Lipsius, Justus (Jan Papy)
- living wills — see advance directives
- location and mereology (Cody Gilmore)
- Locke, Alain LeRoy (Jacoby Adeshei Carter)
- Locke, John (William Uzgalis)
- moral philosophy (Patricia Sheridan)
- on freedom (Samuel Rickless)
- on real essence (Jan-Erik Jones)
- philosophy of science (Hylarie Kochiras)
- political philosophy (Alex Tuckness)
- logic
- action (Krister Segerberg, John-Jules Meyer, and Marcus Kracht)
- ancient (Susanne Bobzien)
- and artificial intelligence — see artificial intelligence: logic and
- of belief revision (Sven Ove Hansson)
- classical (Stewart Shapiro)
- combinatory (Katalin Bimbó)
- combining (Walter Carnielli and Marcelo Esteban Coniglio)
- conditionals (Horacio Arlo-Costa)
- connexive (Heinrich Wansing)
- deontic (Paul McNamara)
- dialogical (Laurent Keiff)
- epistemic (Vincent Hendricks and John Symons)
- free (John Nolt)
- fuzzy (Petr Hajek)
- and games (Wilfrid Hodges)
- hybrid (Torben Braüner)
- in classical Indian philosophy — see Indian Philosophy (Classical): logic
- independence friendly (Tero Tulenheimo)
- inductive (James Hawthorne)
- infinitary (John L. Bell)
- informal (Leo Groarke)
- and information (Maricarmen Martinez and Sebastian Sequoiah-Grayson)
- intensional (Melvin Fitting)
- intuitionistic (Joan Moschovakis)
- justification (Sergei Artemov and Melvin Fitting)
- linear (Roberto Di Cosmo and Dale Miller)
- many-valued (Siegfried Gottwald)
- of mass expressions — see mass expressions: logic of
- modal (James Garson)
- non-monotonic (Christian Strasser and G. Aldo Antonelli)
- paraconsistent (Graham Priest, Koji Tanaka, and Zach Weber)
- and probability (Lorenz Demey, Barteld Kooi, and Joshua Sack)
- propositional dynamic (Nicolas Troquard and Philippe Balbiani)
- provability (Rineke (L.C.) Verbrugge)
- relevance (Edwin Mares)
- second-order and higher-order (Herbert B. Enderton)
- sentence connectives in — see connectives: sentence connectives in formal logic
- substructural (Greg Restall)
- temporal (Valentin Goranko and Antony Galton)
- logic, history of
- intuitionistic logic (Mark van Atten)
- modal logic (Roberta Ballarin)
- proof theory — see proof theory: development of
- set theory, early — see set theory: early development
- logical atomism
- Russell's (Kevin Klement)
- Wittgenstein's — see Wittgenstein, Ludwig: logical atomism
- logical consequence (Jc Beall and Greg Restall)
- propositional consequence relations and algebraic logic (Ramon Jansana)
- logical constants (John MacFarlane)
- logical constructions (Bernard Linsky)
- logical empiricism — see empiricism: logical
- logical form (Paul Pietroski)
- logical pluralism (Gillian Russell)
- logical truth (Mario Gómez-Torrente)
- logic and ontology (Thomas Hofweber)
- logicism and neologicism (Neil Tennant)
- Lotze, Hermann (David Sullivan)
- love (Bennett Helm)
- loyalty (John Kleinig)
- luck
- justice and bad luck (Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen)
- moral (Dana K. Nelkin)
- Lucretius (David Sedley)
- Lukács, Georg [György] (Titus Stahl)
- Łukasiewicz, Jan (Peter Simons)
- Lvov-Warsaw School (Jan Woleński)
- lying and deception
- definition of (James Edwin Mahon)
M [jump to top]
- Macaulay, Catharine (Karen Green)
- Mach, Ernst (Paul Pojman)
- Machiavelli, Niccolò (Cary Nederman)
- Madhyamaka (Richard Hayes)
- Maimon, Salomon (Peter Thielke and Yitzhak Melamed)
- Maimonides (Kenneth Seeskin)
- the influence of Islamic thought on (Sarah Pessin)
- Malebranche, Nicolas (Tad Schmaltz)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- theory of ideas and vision in God (Lawrence Nolan)
- Mally, Ernst (Alexander Hieke and Gerhard Zecha)
- deontic logic (Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
- many, problem of (Brian Weatherson)
- Marcel, Gabriel (-Honoré) (Brian Treanor)
- Marcus Aurelius (Rachana Kamtekar)
- Marcuse, Herbert (Arnold Farr)
- Marinella, Lucrezia (Marguerite Deslauriers)
- Maritain, Jacques (William Sweet)
- markets (Lisa Herzog)
- marriage and domestic partnership (Elizabeth Brake)
- Marsilius of Inghen (Maarten Hoenen)
- Marty, Anton (Robin Rollinger)
- Marx, Karl (Jonathan Wolff)
- Masham, Lady Damaris (Sarah Hutton)
- mass/energy equivalence — see equivalence of mass and energy
- mass expressions
- logic of (David Nicolas)
- metaphysics of (Mark Steen)
- material constitution (Ryan Wasserman)
- materialism — see physicalism
- eliminative (William Ramsey)
- mathematical style — see style: in mathematics
- mathematics
- constructive (Douglas Bridges and Erik Palmgren)
- explanation in (Paolo Mancosu)
- inconsistent (Chris Mortensen)
- non-deductive methods in (Alan Baker)
- mathematics, foundations of
- Dedekind's contributions to — see Dedekind, Richard: contributions to the foundations of mathematics
- Hilbert's program — see Hilbert, David: program in the foundations of mathematics
- mathematics, philosophy of (Leon Horsten)
- fictionalism (Mark Balaguer)
- formalism (Alan Weir)
- indispensability arguments in the (Mark Colyvan)
- intuitionism (Rosalie Iemhoff)
- Kant — see Kant, Immanuel: philosophy of mathematics
- naturalism (Alexander Paseau)
- nominalism (Otávio Bueno)
- Platonism — see Platonism: in the philosophy of mathematics
- Wittgenstein — see Wittgenstein, Ludwig: philosophy of mathematics
- McTaggart, John M. E. (Kris McDaniel)
- Mead, George Herbert (Mitchell Aboulafia)
- meaning
- normativity of (Kathrin Glüer and Åsa Wikforss)
- of words (Luca Gasparri and Diego Marconi)
- meaning, theories of (Jeff Speaks)
- meaning holism (Henry Jackman)
- measurement
- in quantum theory — see quantum theory: measurement in
- in science (Eran Tal)
- mechanism in science (Carl Craver and James Tabery)
- medicine: Chinese philosophy — see Chinese Philosophy: Chinese medicine
- medieval philosophy (Paul Vincent Spade)
- literary forms of (Eileen Sweeney)
- medieval theories
- analogy — see analogy: medieval theories of
- categories — see categories: medieval theories of
- causation — see causation: medieval theories of
- conscience — see conscience: medieval theories of
- of demonstration — see demonstration: medieval theories of
- future contingents — see future contingents: medieval theories of
- haecceity — see haecceity: medieval theories of
- of mental representation — see mental representation: in medieval philosophy
- modality — see modality: medieval theories of
- of obligationes — see obligationes, medieval theories of
- practical reason — see practical reason: medieval theories of
- properties of terms — see terms, properties of: medieval theories of
- relations — see relations: medieval theories of
- of singular terms — see singular terms: medieval theories of
- syllogism — see syllogism: medieval theories of
- transcendentals — see transcendentals, medieval theories of
- Meinong, Alexius (Johann Marek)
- Meister Eckhart (Burkhard Mojsisch and Orrin F. Summerell)
- memory (John Sutton)
- epistemological problems of (Thomas D. Senor)
- Mencius (Bryan Van Norden)
- Mendelssohn, Moses (Daniel Dahlstrom)
- mental causation (David Robb and John Heil)
- mental content
- causal theories of (Fred Adams and Ken Aizawa)
- externalism about (Joe Lau and Max Deutsch)
- narrow (Curtis Brown)
- nonconceptual (José Bermúdez and Arnon Cahen)
- teleological theories of (Karen Neander)
- mental illness (Christian Perring)
- mental imagery (Nigel J.T. Thomas)
- mental representation (David Pitt)
- in medieval philosophy (Henrik Lagerlund)
- mereology (Achille Varzi)
- and location — see location and mereology
- medieval (Andrew Arlig)
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (Bernard Flynn)
- metaethics (Geoff Sayre-McCord)
- metaphor (David Hills)
- metaphysics (Peter van Inwagen and Meghan Sullivan)
- metaphysics in the 16th century
- Francisco Suárez — see Suárez, Francisco
- Mill, Harriet Taylor (Dale E. Miller)
- Mill, James (Terence Ball)
- Mill, John Stuart (Fred Wilson)
- moral and political philosophy (David Brink)
- mind
- computational theory of (Michael Rescorla)
- in Indian Buddhist Philosophy (Christian Coseru)
- modularity of (Philip Robbins)
- mind/brain identity theory (J. J. C. Smart)
- miracles (Timothy McGrew)
- modal epistemology — see modality: epistemology of
- modality
- Descartes and — see Descartes, René: modal metaphysics
- epistemology of (Anand Vaidya)
- impossible worlds — see impossible worlds
- Leibniz and — see Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: modal metaphysics
- medieval theories of (Simo Knuuttila)
- metaphysics of — see actualism
- modal fictionalism — see fictionalism: modal
- necessary and sufficient conditions — see necessary and sufficient conditions
- possible objects — see possible objects
- possible worlds — see possible worlds
- Spinoza and — see Spinoza, Baruch: modal metaphysics
- varieties of (Boris Kment)
- modal logic — see logic: modal
- modern origins — see logic, history of: modal logic
- models in science (Roman Frigg and Stephan Hartmann)
- model theory (Wilfrid Hodges)
- first-order (Wilfrid Hodges and Thomas Scanlon)
- Mohism (Chris Fraser)
- Mohist Canons (Chris Fraser)
- molecular biology (James Tabery, Monika Piotrowska, and Lindley Darden)
- Molyneux's problem (Marjolein Degenaar and Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
- monism (Jonathan Schaffer)
- anomalous — see anomalous monism
- neutral — see neutral monism
- monotheism (William Wainwright)
- Montaigne, Michel de (Marc Foglia)
- Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de (Hilary Bok)
- Moore, George Edward (Tom Baldwin)
- moral philosophy (Thomas Hurka)
- moral anti-realism (Richard Joyce)
- moral character — see character, moral
- moral cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism — see cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism, moral
- moral dilemmas (Terrance McConnell)
- moral epistemology (Richmond Campbell)
- moral intuitionism (Philip Stratton-Lake)
- morality
- and evolutionary biology (William FitzPatrick)
- morality, definition of (Bernard Gert)
- moral luck — see luck: moral
- moral motivation (Connie S. Rosati)
- moral naturalism — see naturalism: moral
- moral non-naturalism (Michael Ridge)
- moral particularism (Jonathan Dancy)
- moral psychology
- empirical approaches (John Doris and Stephen Stich)
- moral realism (Geoff Sayre-McCord)
- moral reasoning — see reasoning: moral
- moral relativism (Chris Gowans)
- moral responsibility (Andrew Eshleman)
- moral sentimentalism (Antti Kauppinen)
- moral skepticism (Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
- moral status
- of animals — see animals, moral status of
- moral status, grounds of (Agnieszka Jaworska and Julie Tannenbaum)
- More, Henry (John Henry)
- More, Thomas (Dominic Baker-Smith)
- motivation
- moral — see moral motivation
- Mulla Sadra (Sajjad Rizvi)
- multiculturalism (Sarah Song)
- multiple realizability (John Bickle)
- music, philosophy of (Andrew Kania)
- mysticism (Jerome Gellman)
- myths, Plato's — see Plato: myths
N [jump to top]
- Nāgārjuna (Jan Christoph Westerhoff)
- names (Sam Cumming)
- nationalism (Nenad Miscevic)
- Natorp, Paul (Alan Kim)
- naturalism (David Papineau)
- in epistemology — see epistemology: naturalized
- in legal philosophy (Brian Leiter)
- in the philosophy of mathematics — see mathematics, philosophy of: naturalism
- moral (James Lenman)
- natural kinds (Alexander Bird and Emma Tobin)
- natural law
- tradition in ethics — see ethics: natural law tradition
- natural philosophy
- in the Renaissance (Eva Del Soldato)
- natural selection (Robert Brandon)
- units and levels of (Elisabeth Lloyd)
- nature of law (Andrei Marmor and Alexander Sarch)
- interpretivist theories (Nicos Stavropoulos)
- legal positivism (Leslie Green)
- natural law theories (John Finnis)
- pure theory of law (Andrei Marmor)
- Navya-Nyāya — see Early Modern India, analytic philosophy in
- necessary and sufficient conditions (Andrew Brennan)
- necessary beings
- and God — see God: and other necessary beings
- negation (Laurence R. Horn and Heinrich Wansing)
- Négritude (Souleymane Bachir Diagne)
- Neo-Daoism (Alan Chan)
- Neurath, Otto (Jordi Cat)
- neuroscience, philosophy of (John Bickle, Peter Mandik, and Anthony Landreth)
- neutral monism (Leopold Stubenberg)
- Newton, Isaac (George Smith)
- Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (George Smith)
- philosophy (Andrew Janiak)
- views on space, time, and motion (Robert Rynasiewicz)
- Nicholas of Autrecourt [de Altricuria, Autricuria, Ultricuria, Autricort] (Hans Thijssen)
- Nicolas of Cusa — see Cusanus, Nicolaus
- Nietzsche, Friedrich (Robert Wicks)
- moral and political philosophy (Brian Leiter)
- Nishida Kitarō (John C. Maraldo)
- noema — see Husserl, Edmund
- nominalism
- in metaphysics (Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra)
- in the philosophy of mathematics — see mathematics, philosophy of: nominalism
- non-naturalism, moral — see moral non-naturalism
- nonconceptual content — see mental content: nonconceptual
- nonexistent objects (Maria Reicher)
- nonidentity problem (M. A. Roberts)
- norms of cooperation — see social norms
- Norris, John (June Yang)
- nothingness (Roy Sorensen)
- Novalis [Georg Friedrich Philipp von Hardenberg] (Kristin Gjesdal)
- Nozick, Robert
- political philosophy (Eric Mack)
- Numenius (George Karamanolis)
O [jump to top]
- object (Henry Laycock)
- objectivity
- scientific — see scientific objectivity
- obligation
- legal — see legal obligation and authority
- obligationes, medieval theories of (Paul Vincent Spade and Mikko Yrjönsuuri)
- obligations
- special (Diane Jeske)
- occasionalism (Sukjae Lee)
- Ockham [Occam], William (Paul Vincent Spade and Claude Panaccio)
- Olivi, Peter John (Robert Pasnau and Juhana Toivanen)
- Olympiodorus (Christian Wildberg)
- omnipotence (Joshua Hoffman and Gary Rosenkrantz)
- omnipresence (Edward Wierenga)
- omniscience (Edward Wierenga)
- ontological arguments (Graham Oppy)
- ontological commitment (Phillip Bricker)
- ontological dependence — see dependence, ontological
- ontology of art, history of (Paisley Livingston)
- operationalism (Hasok Chang)
- ordinary objects (Daniel Z. Korman)
- Oresme, Nicole (Stefan Kirschner)
- Origen (Mark J. Edwards)
- original position (Samuel Freeman)
- Ortega y Gasset, José (Oliver Holmes)
- other minds (Alec Hyslop)
- ownership, property and — see property and ownership
P [jump to top]
- pacifism (Andrew Fiala)
- pain (Murat Aydede)
- Paine, Thomas (Mark Philp)
- panentheism (John Culp)
- panpsychism (William Seager and Sean Allen-Hermanson)
- pantheism (William Mander)
- paradox
- Curry's — see Curry's paradox
- Fitch's paradox of knowability — see Fitch's paradox of knowability
- of the liar — see liar paradox
- Russell's paradox — see Russell's paradox
- Simpson's paradox — see Simpson's paradox
- Skolem's (Timothy Bays)
- St. Petersburg paradox — see St. Petersburg paradox
- of suspense — see suspense, paradox of
- Zeno's paradoxes — see Zeno of Elea: Zeno's paradoxes
- and contemporary logic (Andrea Cantini)
- epistemic — see epistemic paradoxes
- parenthood and procreation (Elizabeth Brake and Joseph Millum)
- Parmenides (John Palmer)
- part/whole — see mereology
- Pascal, Blaise (Desmond Clarke)
- Pascal's wager (Alan Hájek)
- paternalism (Gerald Dworkin)
- patriotism (Igor Primoratz)
- Patrizi, Francesco (Fred Purnell)
- Paul of Venice (Alessandro Conti)
- Peirce, Benjamin (Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh)
- Peirce, Charles Sanders (Robert Burch)
- logic (Sun-Joo Shin and Eric Hammer)
- theory of signs (Albert Atkin)
- Penbygull, William (Alessandro Conti)
- perception
- action-based theories — see action-based theories of perception
- auditory (Casey O'Callaghan)
- the contents of (Susanna Siegel)
- the disjunctive theory of (Matthew Soteriou)
- epistemological problems of (Laurence BonJour)
- experience and justification (Nicholas Silins)
- the problem of (Tim Crane and Craig French)
- perfectionism, in moral and political philosophy (Steven Wall)
- persistence — see temporal parts
- personal identity (Eric T. Olson)
- and ethics (David Shoemaker)
- personalism (Thomas D. Williams and Jan Olof Bengtsson)
- persons — see personal identity
- Peter of Spain [= Petrus Hispanus] (Joke Spruyt)
- Petrizi, Joane (Tengiz Iremadze)
- phenomenology (David Woodruff Smith)
- of the Munich and Göttingen Circles (Alessandro Salice)
- Philip the Chancellor (Colleen McCluskey)
- Philodemus (David Blank)
- Philolaus (Carl Huffman)
- Philo of Larissa (Charles Brittain)
- Philoponus (Christian Wildberg)
- philosophy of science
- in Latin America (Alberto Cordero)
- Philo the Dialectician — see Dialectical School
- physicalism (Daniel Stoljar)
- physics
- experiment in (Allan Franklin and Slobodan Perovic)
- holism and nonseparability (Richard Healey)
- intertheory relations in (Robert Batterman)
- quantum field theory — see quantum theory: quantum field theory
- Reichenbach's common cause principle (Frank Arntzenius)
- structuralism in (Heinz-Juergen Schmidt)
- symmetry and symmetry breaking (Katherine Brading and Elena Castellani)
- physis and nomos — see Sophists, The
- Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (Brian Copenhaver)
- pineal gland — see Descartes, René: and the pineal gland
- Plato (Richard Kraut)
- aesthetics (Nickolas Pappas)
- Callicles and Thrasymachus (Rachel Barney)
- Cratylus (David Sedley)
- ethics (Dorothea Frede)
- ethics and politics in The Republic (Eric Brown)
- friendship and eros (C. D. C. Reeve)
- method and metaphysics in the Sophist and Statesman (Mary Louise Gill)
- middle period metaphysics and epistemology (Allan Silverman)
- myths (Catalin Partenie)
- on knowledge in the Theaetetus (Sophie Grace Chappell)
- on utopia (Chris Bobonich and Katherine Meadows)
- Parmenides (Samuel Rickless)
- rhetoric and poetry (Charles L. Griswold)
- shorter ethical works (Paul Woodruff)
- Timaeus (Donald Zeyl)
- Platonism
- in metaphysics (Mark Balaguer)
- in the philosophy of mathematics (Øystein Linnebo)
- pleasure (Leonard D. Katz)
- Plotinus (Lloyd Gerson)
- pluralism
- religious — see religious diversity
- plurality of forms — see binarium famosissimum
- plural quantification (Øystein Linnebo)
- Plutarch (George Karamanolis)
- Poincaré, Henri (Gerhard Heinzmann and David Stump)
- political obligation (Richard Dagger and David Lefkowitz)
- political philosophy
- political realism
- in international relations (W. Julian Korab-Karpowicz)
- political theory and religion — see religion and political theory
- Pomponazzi, Pietro (Stefano Perfetti)
- Popper, Karl (Stephen Thornton)
- population genetics — see genetics: population
- pornography
- and censorship (Caroline West)
- Porphyry (Eyjólfur Emilsson)
- Porta, Giambattista della (Sergius Kodera)
- Port Royal Logic (Jill Buroker)
- possible objects (Takashi Yagisawa)
- possible worlds (Christopher Menzel)
- postmodernism (Gary Aylesworth)
- Poulain de la Barre, François (Desmond Clarke)
- poverty of the stimulus argument — see innateness: and language
- practical reason (R. Jay Wallace)
- medieval theories of (Anthony Celano)
- and the structure of actions (Elijah Millgram)
- pragmatic arguments and belief in God (Jeff Jordan)
- pragmatics (Kepa Korta and John Perry)
- defaults in — see defaults in semantics and pragmatics
- pragmatism (Christopher Hookway)
- prayer
- petitionary (Scott A. Davison)
- predicate calculus — see logic: classical
- preferences (Sven Ove Hansson and Till Grüne-Yanoff)
- preformationism — see developmental biology: epigenesis and preformationism
- pregnancy, birth, and medicine (Rebecca Kukla and Katherine Wayne)
- prenatal testing and screening — see eugenics
- Presocratic Philosophy (Patricia Curd)
- presupposition (David I. Beaver and Bart Geurts)
- Prichard, Harold Arthur (Jonathan Dancy)
- Principia Mathematica (Andrew David Irvine)
- notation in (Bernard Linsky)
- principle of sufficient reason (Yitzhak Melamed and Martin Lin)
- Prior, Arthur (B. Jack Copeland)
- prisoner's dilemma (Steven Kuhn)
- privacy (Judith DeCew)
- and information technology — see information technology: and privacy
- and medicine — see ethics, biomedical: privacy and medicine
- private language (Stewart Candlish and George Wrisley)
- probabilities, imprecise (Seamus Bradley)
- probabilities, indeterminate — see probabilities, imprecise
- probability, in medieval and Renaissance philosophy (Rudolf Schuessler)
- probability, interpretations of (Alan Hájek)
- probability and logic — see logic: and probability
- process philosophy (Johanna Seibt)
- process theism (Donald Viney)
- Proclus (Christoph Helmig and Carlos Steel)
- procreation — see parenthood and procreation
- Prodicus — see Sophists, The
- progress (Margaret Meek Lange)
- promises (Allen Habib)
- proof theory
- development of (Jan von Plato)
- properties (Chris Swoyer and Francesco Orilia)
- emergent — see emergent properties
- essential vs. accidental — see essential vs. accidental properties
- property
- intellectual (Adam Moore and Ken Himma)
- property and ownership (Jeremy Waldron)
- prophecy (Scott A. Davison)
- propositional attitude reports (Thomas McKay and Michael Nelson)
- propositional consequence relations in algebraic logic — see logical consequence: propositional consequence relations and algebraic logic
- propositional function (Edwin Mares)
- propositions (Matthew McGrath)
- singular (Greg Fitch and Michael Nelson)
- structured (Jeffrey C. King)
- providence, divine (Hugh J. McCann)
- Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (Kevin Corrigan and L. Michael Harrington)
- pseudo-science, science and — see science: and pseudo-science
- psyche — see soul, ancient theories of
- psychiatry, philosophy of (Dominic Murphy)
- psychologism (Martin Kusch)
- psychology
- evolutionary (Stephen M. Downes)
- public health
- ethics (Ruth Faden and Sirine Shebaya)
- publicity (Axel Gosseries)
- public reason (Jonathan Quong)
- Pufendorf, Samuel Freiherr von
- moral and political philosophy (Michael Seidler)
- punishment (Hugo Adam Bedau and Erin Kelly)
- punishment, legal (Antony Duff)
- Pyrrho (Richard Bett)
- Pyrrhonism — see skepticism: ancient
- Pythagoras (Carl Huffman)
- Pythagoreanism (Carl Huffman)
Q [jump to top]
- qualia (Michael Tye)
- inverted (Alex Byrne)
- knowledge argument (Martine Nida-Rümelin)
- qualiton — see tropes
- quantifiers and quantification (Gabriel Uzquiano)
- quantum mechanics (Jenann Ismael)
- action at a distance in (Joseph Berkovitz)
- Bell's Theorem — see Bell's Theorem
- Bohmian mechanics (Sheldon Goldstein)
- collapse theories (Giancarlo Ghirardi)
- consistent histories approach (Robert B. Griffiths)
- Copenhagen interpretation of (Jan Faye)
- Everett's relative-state formulation of (Jeffrey Barrett)
- Kochen-Specker theorem (Carsten Held)
- many-worlds interpretation of (Lev Vaidman)
- modal interpretations of (Olimpia Lombardi and Dennis Dieks)
- relational (Federico Laudisa and Carlo Rovelli)
- the role of decoherence in (Guido Bacciagaluppi)
- quantum theory
- and consciousness (Harald Atmanspacher)
- the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument in (Arthur Fine)
- identity and individuality in (Steven French)
- measurement in (Henry Krips)
- quantum computing (Amit Hagar and Michael Cuffaro)
- quantum entanglement and information (Jeffrey Bub)
- quantum field theory (Meinard Kuhlmann)
- quantum gravity (Steven Weinstein and Dean Rickles)
- quantum logic and probability theory (Alexander Wilce)
- uncertainty principle in — see Uncertainty Principle
- von Neumann vs. Dirac (Fred Kronz and Tracy Lupher)
- questions (Charles Cross and Floris Roelofsen)
- Quine, Willard van Orman (Peter Hylton)
- New Foundations (Thomas Forster)
- quotation (Herman Cappelen and Ernest Lepore)
R [jump to top]
- race (Michael James)
- Ramsay, Allan — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Ramus, Petrus (Erland Sellberg)
- Rand, Ayn (Neera K. Badhwar and Roderick T. Long)
- randomness
- versus chance — see chance: versus randomness
- rational choice, normative
- expected utility (Rachael Briggs)
- rationalism vs. empiricism (Peter Markie)
- rationality
- Bayesian — see epistemology: Bayesian
- epistemic foundations of game theory — see game theory: epistemic foundations of
- historicist theories of (Carl Matheson and Justin Dallmann)
- instrumental (Niko Kolodny and John Brunero)
- Rawls, John (Leif Wenar)
- realism (Alexander Miller)
- challenges to metaphysical (Drew Khlentzos)
- moral — see moral realism
- political, in international relations — see political realism: in international relations
- scientific — see scientific realism
- structural — see structural realism
- reasoning
- automated (Frederic Portoraro)
- by analogy — see analogy and analogical reasoning
- defeasible (Robert Koons)
- moral (Henry S. Richardson)
- reasons for action
- agent-neutral vs. agent-relative (Michael Ridge)
- internal vs. external (Stephen Finlay and Mark Schroeder)
- justification vs. explanation (James Lenman)
- recognition (Mattias Iser)
- reconciliation (Linda Radzik and Colleen Murphy)
- recursive function — see function: recursive
- redistribution (Christian Barry)
- reduction, scientific (Raphael van Riel and Robert Van Gulick)
- in biology (Ingo Brigandt and Alan Love)
- in physics — see physics: intertheory relations in
- reference (Marga Reimer and Eliot Michaelson)
- reflective equilibrium (Norman Daniels)
- Regius, Henricus (Desmond Clarke)
- Rehberg, August Wilhelm (Fred Beiser)
- Reichenbach, Hans (Clark Glymour and Frederick Eberhardt)
- Reid, Thomas (Ryan Nichols and Gideon Yaffe)
- ethics (Terence Cuneo)
- on memory and personal identity (Rebecca Copenhaver)
- Reinach, Adolf (James DuBois and Barry Smith)
- Reinhold, Karl Leonhard (Dan Breazeale)
- reism (Jan Woleński)
- relations — see properties
- medieval theories of (Jeffrey Brower)
- relativism (Maria Baghramian and Adam Carter)
- moral — see moral relativism
- relaton — see tropes
- reliabilist epistemology (Alvin Goldman and Bob Beddor)
- religion
- epistemology of (Peter Forrest)
- feminist philosophy of — see feminist (interventions): philosophy of religion
- and morality (John Hare)
- philosophy of (Charles Taliaferro)
- and science (Alvin Plantinga)
- religion, natural — see theology, natural and natural religion
- religion, phenomenology of (Mark Wynn)
- religion and political theory (Chris Eberle and Terence Cuneo)
- religious diversity (David Basinger)
- religious experience (Mark Webb)
- reparations, Black (Bernard Boxill)
- replication and reproduction (John S. Wilkins and David Hull)
- representation, political (Suzanne Dovi)
- republicanism (Frank Lovett)
- repugnant conclusion, the (Gustaf Arrhenius, Jesper Ryberg, and Torbjörn Tännsjö)
- respect (Robin S. Dillon)
- responsibility
- collective (Marion Smiley)
- retributive justice — see justice: retributive
- Richard the Sophister [Ricardus Sophista, Magister abstractionum] (Paul Streveler)
- Rickert, Heinrich (Andrea Staiti)
- Ricoeur, Paul (Bernard Dauenhauer and David Pellauer)
- rights (Leif Wenar)
- of children (David William Archard)
- civil — see civil rights
- group (Peter Jones)
- human (James Nickel)
- legal — see legal rights
- rigid designators (Joseph LaPorte)
- risk (Sven Ove Hansson)
- role obligations — see obligations: special
- Rorty, Richard (Bjørn Ramberg)
- Rosenstock-Huessy, Eugen (Wayne Cristaudo)
- Rosenzweig, Franz (Benjamin Pollock)
- Rosmini, Antonio (Denis Cleary)
- Ross, William David (Anthony Skelton)
- Rousseau, Jean Jacques (Christopher Bertram)
- Royce, Josiah (Kelly A. Parker)
- Rufus, Richard — see Richard the Sophister
- rule consequentialism — see consequentialism: rule
- Russell, Bertrand (Andrew David Irvine)
- logical atomism — see logical atomism: Russell's
- moral philosophy (Charles Pigden)
- Russell's paradox (Andrew David Irvine and Harry Deutsch)
- Ryle, Gilbert (Julia Tanney)
S [jump to top]
- Saadya [Saadiah] (Sarah Pessin)
- Śāntarakṣita (James Blumenthal)
- sale of human organs (Stephen Wilkinson)
- Santayana, George (Herman Saatkamp and Martin Coleman)
- Sartre, Jean-Paul (Thomas Flynn)
- scepticism — see skepticism
- Scheler, Max (Zachary Davis and Anthony Steinbock)
- Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (Andrew Bowie)
- schema (John Corcoran)
- Schlegel, August Wilhelm von (Katia D. Hay)
- Schlegel, Friedrich (Allen Speight)
- Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst (Michael Forster)
- Schlick, Moritz (Thomas Oberdan)
- Schmitt, Carl (Lars Vinx)
- Scholem, Gershom (Shaul Magid)
- School of Names (Chris Fraser)
- Schopenhauer, Arthur (Robert Wicks)
- aesthetics (Sandra Shapshay)
- Schutz, Alfred (Michael Barber)
- science
- models in — see models in science
- and pseudo-science (Sven Ove Hansson)
- theory and observation in (Jim Bogen)
- unity of (Jordi Cat)
- scientific discovery (Jutta Schickore)
- scientific explanation (James Woodward)
- scientific knowledge
- social dimensions of (Helen Longino)
- scientific method (Hanne Andersen and Brian Hepburn)
- scientific objectivity (Julian Reiss and Jan Sprenger)
- scientific progress (Ilkka Niiniluoto)
- scientific realism (Anjan Chakravartty)
- scientific revolutions (Thomas Nickles)
- scientific theories
- incommensurability of — see incommensurability: of scientific theories
- structure of (Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther)
- underdetermination of — see underdetermination, of scientific theories
- Scottish Philosophy
- in the 18th Century (Alexander Broadie)
- in the 19th century (Gordon Graham)
- Scottus [Scotus] Eriugena [Erigena], John — see Eriugena, John Scottus
- Scotus, John Duns — see Duns Scotus, John
- Scudéry, Madeleine de (John Conley)
- search engines and ethics (Herman Tavani)
- Sebond, Raymond — see Montaigne, Michel de
- secession (Allen Buchanan)
- self
- the biological notion of (Alfred Tauber)
- feminist perspectives on the — see feminist (topics): perspectives on the self
- knowledge — see self-knowledge
- self-consciousness
- phenomenological approaches to (Shaun Gallagher and Dan Zahavi)
- self-deception (Ian Deweese-Boyd)
- self-knowledge (Brie Gertler)
- and externalism — see externalism: and self-knowledge
- self-reference (Thomas Bolander)
- self-respect — see respect
- Sellars, Wilfrid (Willem deVries)
- semantic holism — see meaning holism
- semantics
- defaults in — see defaults in semantics and pragmatics
- dynamic (Jan van Eijck and Albert Visser)
- Montague (Theo M. V. Janssen)
- proof-theoretic (Peter Schroeder-Heister)
- two-dimensional (Laura Schroeter)
- semiotics
- medieval (Stephan Meier-Oeser)
- Seneca (Katja Vogt)
- sense-data (Michael Huemer)
- sensibility theory — see fitting attitude theories of value
- sentimentalism, moral — see moral sentimentalism
- set theory (Joan Bagaria)
- alternative axiomatic theories (M. Randall Holmes)
- constructive and Intuitionistic ZF (Laura Crosilla)
- continuum hypothesis (Peter Koellner)
- early development (José Ferreirós)
- independence and large cardinals (Peter Koellner)
- large cardinals and determinacy (Peter Koellner)
- non-wellfounded (Lawrence S. Moss)
- Zermelo's axiomatization of (Michael Hallett)
- Sextus Empiricus (Benjamin Morison)
- Shaftesbury, Lord [Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of] (Michael B. Gill)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- Sharpe, Johannes (Alessandro Conti)
- Sidgwick, Henry (Barton Schultz)
- Simon of Faversham (John Longeway)
- simplicity (Alan Baker)
- divine (William F. Vallicella)
- Simpson's paradox (Gary Malinas and John Bigelow)
- simulations in science (Eric Winsberg)
- singular terms
- medieval theories of (E. Jennifer Ashworth)
- situations
- in natural language semantics (Angelika Kratzer)
- skeptical theism (Trent Dougherty)
- skepticism (Peter Klein)
- ancient (Katja Vogt)
- and content externalism (Tony Brueckner)
- medieval (Charles Bolyard)
- moral — see moral skepticism
- Skolem's paradox — see paradox: Skolem's
- Smith, Adam — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- moral and political philosophy (Samuel Fleischacker)
- Smith, John — see Cambridge Platonists
- social choice theory (Christian List)
- social construction
- naturalistic approaches to (Ron Mallon)
- social contract — see contractarianism
- contemporary approaches to (Fred D'Agostino, Gerald Gaus, and John Thrasher)
- social epistemology — see epistemology: social
- social institutions (Seumas Miller)
- social minimum [basic income] (Stuart White)
- social networking and ethics (Shannon Vallor)
- social norms (Cristina Bicchieri and Ryan Muldoon)
- social procedures, formal approaches (Jan van Eijck and Rineke (L.C.) Verbrugge)
- sociobiology (Catherine Driscoll)
- Socrates (Debra Nails)
- sophismata [= sophisms] (Fabienne Pironet and Joke Spruyt)
- Sophists, The (C.C.W. Taylor and Mi-Kyoung Lee)
- Sorites paradox (Dominic Hyde)
- sortals (Richard E. Grandy)
- soul, ancient theories of (Hendrik Lorenz)
- sounds (Roberto Casati and Jerome Dokic)
- sovereignty (Dan Philpott)
- space and time
- absolute and relational theories of space and motion (Nick Huggett and Carl Hoefer)
- being and becoming in modern physics (Steven Savitt)
- conventionality of simultaneity (Allen Janis)
- the hole argument (John D. Norton)
- inertial frames (Robert DiSalle)
- singularities and black holes (Erik Curiel and Peter Bokulich)
- supertasks (Jon Pérez Laraudogoitia)
- species (Marc Ereshefsky)
- speech acts (Mitchell Green)
- Spencer, Herbert (David Weinstein)
- Speusippus (Russell Dancy)
- Spinoza, Baruch (Steven Nadler)
- modal metaphysics (Samuel Newlands)
- physical theory (Richard Manning)
- political philosophy (Justin Steinberg)
- psychological theory (Michael LeBuffe)
- theory of attributes (Noa Shein)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- square of opposition (Terence Parsons)
- St. Petersburg paradox (Robert Martin)
- states of affairs (Mark Textor)
- statistical physics
- Boltzmann's work in (Jos Uffink)
- philosophy of statistical mechanics (Lawrence Sklar)
- statistics, philosophy of (Jan-Willem Romeijn)
- stem cell research, ethics of — see ethics, biomedical: stem cell research
- Sterry, Peter — see Cambridge Platonists
- Stevenson, Charles Leslie (Daniel R. Boisvert)
- Stewart, Dugald — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Stirner, Max (David Leopold)
- Stoicism (Dirk Baltzly)
- Strauss, Leo (Leora Batnitzky)
- Strawson, Peter Frederick (Paul Snowdon)
- structuralism
- in physics — see physics: structuralism in
- structural realism (James Ladyman)
- Stumpf, Carl (Denis Fisette)
- style
- in mathematics (Paolo Mancosu)
- Suárez, Francisco (Christopher Shields and Daniel Schwartz)
- substance (Howard Robinson)
- substructural logics — see logic: substructural
- Suhrawardi (Roxanne Marcotte)
- suicide (Michael Cholbi)
- supererogation (David Heyd)
- supervenience (Brian McLaughlin and Karen Bennett)
- in ethics (Tristram McPherson)
- surrogate decision-making for incompetent individuals — see advance directives
- suspense, paradox of (Aaron Smuts)
- syllogism
- medieval theories of (Henrik Lagerlund)
- symmetry and symmetry breaking — see physics: symmetry and symmetry breaking
- synthetic — see analytic/synthetic distinction
- Syrianus (Christian Wildberg)
T [jump to top]
- Taoism — see Daoism
- Neo-Taoism — see Neo-Daoism
- Tarski, Alfred (Mario Gómez-Torrente)
- truth definitions (Wilfrid Hodges)
- techne — see episteme and techne
- technology, philosophy of (Maarten Franssen, Gert-Jan Lokhorst, and Ibo van de Poel)
- teleology
- teleological arguments for God's existence (Del Ratzsch and Jeffrey Koperski)
- teleological notions in biology (Colin Allen)
- teleological theories of mental content — see mental content: teleological theories of
- Telesio, Bernardino (Michaela Boenke)
- temporal consciousness — see consciousness: temporal
- temporal parts (Katherine Hawley)
- tense and aspect (Friedrich Hamm and Oliver Bott)
- terms, properties of
- medieval theories of (Stephen Read)
- terrorism (Igor Primoratz)
- testimony
- epistemological problems of (Jonathan Adler)
- theism
- atheism and agnosticism — see atheism and agnosticism
- monotheism — see monotheism
- panentheism — see panentheism
- pantheism — see pantheism
- process — see process theism
- skeptical — see skeptical theism
- theology, natural and natural religion (Andrew Chignell and Derk Pereboom)
- Theology of Aristotle (Peter Adamson)
- theoretical terms in science (Holger Andreas)
- Thomas of Erfurt (Jack Zupko)
- Thoreau, Henry David (Rick Anthony Furtak)
- thought, associationist theories of — see associationist theories of thought
- thought experiments (James Robert Brown and Yiftach Fehige)
- Thrasymachus — see Plato: Callicles and Thrasymachus
- Tibbon, Samuel Ibn (James T. Robinson)
- Tibetan epistemology and philosophy of language (Pascale Hugon)
- time (Ned Markosian)
- being and becoming in modern physics — see space and time: being and becoming in modern physics
- the experience and perception of (Robin Le Poidevin)
- thermodynamic asymmetry in (Craig Callender)
- time machines (John Earman and Christian Wüthrich)
- time travel (Nicholas J.J. Smith)
- and modern physics (Frank Arntzenius and Tim Maudlin)
- Timon of Phlius (Richard Bett)
- toleration (Rainer Forst)
- torts, theories of the common law of (Jules Coleman, Scott Hershovitz, and Gabriel Mendlow)
- torture (Seumas Miller)
- touch (Matthew Fulkerson)
- transcendental arguments (Robert Stern)
- Kant — see Kant, Immanuel: transcendental arguments
- transcendentalism (Russell Goodman)
- transcendentals, medieval theories of (Wouter Goris and Jan Aertsen)
- trans issues, feminist perspectives on — see feminist (topics): perspectives on trans issues
- transmission of justification and warrant (Luca Moretti and Tommaso Piazza)
- transworld identity — see identity: transworld
- trinity (Dale Tuggy)
- tropes (Anna-Sofia Maurin)
- trust (Carolyn McLeod)
- truth (Michael Glanzberg)
- axiomatic theories of (Volker Halbach and Graham E. Leigh)
- coherence theory of (James O. Young)
- correspondence theory of (Marian David)
- deflationary theory of (Daniel Stoljar and Nic Damnjanovic)
- identity theory of (Richard Gaskin)
- pluralist theories of (Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding Pedersen and Cory Wright)
- revision theory of (Philip Kremer)
- Tarski's theory of truth — see Tarski, Alfred: truth definitions
- truthlikeness (Graham Oddie)
- truthmakers (Fraser MacBride)
- truth values (Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing)
- Tsongkhapa (Gareth Sparham)
- Turing, Alan (Andrew Hodges)
- Turing machines (David Barker-Plummer)
- Turing test (Graham Oppy and David Dowe)
- Turnbull, George — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Twardowski, Kazimierz (Arianna Betti)
- two truths in India, theory of (Sonam Thakchoe)
- two truths in Tibet, theory of (Sonam Thakchoe)
- types and tokens (Linda Wetzel)
- type theory (Thierry Coquand)
- Church's type theory (Peter Andrews)
U [jump to top]
- Umar Khayyam (Mehdi Aminrazavi and Glen Van Brummelen)
- Uncertainty Principle (Jan Hilgevoord and Jos Uffink)
- underdetermination, of scientific theories (Kyle Stanford)
- unity of science — see science: unity of
- universal hylomorphism — see binarium famosissimum
- universals — see properties
- the medieval problem of (Gyula Klima)
- utilitarianism — see consequentialism
- history of (Julia Driver)
- rule — see consequentialism: rule
V [jump to top]
- vagueness (Roy Sorensen)
- vagueness of composition — see many, problem of
- validity — see logical truth
- Valla, Lorenzo (Lodi Nauta)
- value
- incommensurable (Nien-hê Hsieh)
- intrinsic vs. extrinsic (Michael J. Zimmerman)
- of knowledge — see knowledge, value of
- pluralism (Elinor Mason)
- value theory (Mark Schroeder)
- Vasubandhu (Jonathan C. Gold)
- veil of ignorance — see original position
- verbs, intensional transitive — see intensional transitive verbs
- verisimilitude — see truthlikeness
- Vico, Giambattista (Timothy Costelloe)
- Vienna Circle (Thomas Uebel)
- virtue
- ancient theories of — see ethics: ancient
- virtue ethics — see ethics: virtue
- visual thinking in mathematics
- epistemology of (Marcus Giaquinto)
- Viterbo, James of — see James of Viterbo
- Vives, Juan Luis (Lorenzo Casini)
- volition — see free will
- Voltaire (J.B. Shank)
- voluntarism, theological (Mark Murphy)
- voting
- methods (Eric Pacuit)
W [jump to top]
- Wang Yangming (Bryan Van Norden)
- war (Brian Orend)
- Ward, James (Pierfrancesco Basile)
- warrant, transmission of — see transmission of justification and warrant
- Watsuji Tetsurô (Robert Carter and Erin McCarthy)
- weakness of will (Sarah Stroud)
- Weber, Max (Sung Ho Kim)
- well-being (Roger Crisp)
- Weyl, Hermann (John L. Bell and Herbert Korté)
- Whewell, William (Laura J. Snyder)
- Whichcote, Benjamin — see Cambridge Platonists
- Whitehead, Alfred North (Andrew David Irvine)
- William of Auvergne (Neil Lewis)
- William of Champeaux (Kevin Guilfoy)
- William of Ockham — see Ockham, William
- Williams, Bernard (Sophie Grace Chappell)
- Williams, Donald Cary (Keith Campbell, James Franklin, and Douglas Ehring)
- Wilson, John Cook (Mathieu Marion)
- wisdom (Sharon Ryan)
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig (Anat Biletzki and Anat Matar)
- aesthetics (Garry Hagberg)
- logical atomism (Ian Proops)
- philosophy of mathematics (Victor Rodych)
- Wodeham, Adam de (John T. Slotemaker and Jeffrey C. Witt)
- Wolff, Christian (Matt Hettche)
- Wollstonecraft, Mary (Sylvana Tomaselli)
- word meaning — see meaning: of words
- world government (Catherine Lu)
- worlds
- impossible — see impossible worlds
- possible — see possible worlds
- Wright, Chauncey (Jean De Groot)
- Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilian (Alan Kim)
- Wyclif, John (Alessandro Conti)
- political Philosophy (Stephen Lahey)
X [jump to top]
- Xenocrates (Russell Dancy)
- Xenophanes (James Lesher)
- Xunzi (Dan Robins)
Y [jump to top]
- Yorck von Wartenburg, Count Paul (Ingo Farin)
Z [jump to top]
- Zabarella, Giacomo (Heikki Mikkeli)
- Zeno of Elea (John Palmer)
- Zeno's paradoxes (Nick Huggett)
- Zermelo, Ernst
- axiomatization of set theory — see set theory: Zermelo's axiomatization of
- Zhuangzi (Chad Hansen)
- Zhu Xi (Kirill Thompson)
- zombies (Robert Kirk)
